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Computer 2

The document outlines the history of computers, starting from ancient mechanical calculators like the abacus to the invention of the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace's contributions. It details the evolution of computers through five generations, highlighting key technologies such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and advancements in artificial intelligence. Each generation is characterized by improvements in size, efficiency, and capabilities, leading to the modern computing landscape.

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Rai Diocades
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17 views12 pages

Computer 2

The document outlines the history of computers, starting from ancient mechanical calculators like the abacus to the invention of the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace's contributions. It details the evolution of computers through five generations, highlighting key technologies such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and advancements in artificial intelligence. Each generation is characterized by improvements in size, efficiency, and capabilities, leading to the modern computing landscape.

Uploaded by

Rai Diocades
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE HISTORY OF

COMPUTER
ANCIENT AND EARLY MECHANICAL
CALCULATORS
•A b a c u s (circa 2 5 0 0
BCE): One of the
earliest counting
devices, used for
arithmetic
c a l c u la t i o n s .
• Antikythera
Mechanism
THE AGE OF MECHANICAL
CALCULATORS

•B l a i s e Pascal ( 1642) :

I n v e n t e d t h e Pa s c a l i n e , a n
e a r l y m e c h a n i c a l calculator
c a p a b l e of addition a n d
subtraction.
•G o t t f r i e d W i l h e l m
Leibniz (1673):
THE DAWN OF COMPUTING
MACHINES

•C h a r l e s B a b b a g e (1830s):
D e s i g n e d t h e A na l y t ic a l
E n g i n e , considered t h e fi rst
c o n c e p t of a g e n e r a l -
p u r p o s e computer. Although
it w a s n e v e r c o m p l e t e d in
h i s lifetime, it l a i d t he
groundwork for future
THE DAWN OF COMPUTING
MACHINES

•A d a L o v e l a c e (1843):

Worked with B a b b a g e a n d
is often re g a rd e d a s t h e
fi rst c om pu t e r p ro g r a m m e r
for her work on t he
A na ly tic a l E n g i n e .
THE ADVENT OF
ELECTRONIC
COMPUTERS
EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTERS
FIRST GENERATION ( 1 9 4 0 S -
1 9 5 0 S ) : VACUUM TUBES

•K e y Te c h n o l o g y : V a c u u m t u b e s
• Characteristics:
•L a r g e a n d b u l k y m a c h i n e s
•H i g h p o w e r c o n s u m p t i o n a n d h e a t
generation

•L i m i t e d m e m o r y a n d p r o c e s s i n g s p e e d
• E x a m p l e s : ENIAC, UNIVAC I
• S i g n i fi c a n c e : Pa v e d t h e w a y for electronic
SECOND GENERATION ( 1 9 5 0 S -
1 9 6 0 S ) : TRANSISTORS
•K e y Te c h n o l o g y : Tr a n s i s t o r s
•C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :
•S m a l l e r a n d m o re r e l i a b l e t h a n v a c u u m t u b e s
•R e d u c e d p ow e r c o n s u m p t i o n a n d h e a t g e n e r a t i o n
•Introduction of m a g n e t i c core m e m o r y
•E x a m p l e s : I B M 1 4 0 1 , CDC 1 6 0 4
•S i g n i fi c a n c e : M a d e c o m p u t e r s more
THIRD GENERATION ( 1 9 6 0 S - 1 9 7 0 S ) :
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
•K e y Te c h n o l o g y : I n t e g r a t e d C i rc u i t s (ICs)
•C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :
• Fu r t h e r m i n i a t u r i z a t i o n o f c o m p o n e n t s
• G r e a t e r r e l i a b i l i t y a n d e ffi c i e n c y
•Introduction of o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m s a n d
h i g h - l e v e l programming l a n g u a g e s

•E x a m p l e s : I B M S y s t e m / 3 6 0 , DEC PDP-
FOURTH GENERATION ( 1 9 7 0 S -
PRESENT): MICROPROCESSORS
•K e y Te c h n o l o g y : M i c r o p r o c e s s o r s
•C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :
• E n t i r e CPU o n a s i n g l e c h i p
•D e v e l o p m e n t of p e r s o n a l c o m p u t e r s a n d
workstations

• S i g n i fi c a n t a d v a n c e m e n t s in software a n d us er

interfaces
FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT AND
FUTURE): ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND BEYOND
•K e y Te c h n o l o g y : A r t i fi c i a l I n t e l l i g e n c e (AI),
Q u a n t u m C o mputi ng

•C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :
• A d v a n c e d AI a n d m a c h i n e l e a r n i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s
•D e v e l o p m e n t of q u a n t u m c o m p u t i n g w i t h
p o t e n t i a l for revolutionary p erforma n ce

• I n t e g r a t i o n w i t h I n t e r n e t o f T h i n g s (IoT) a n d

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