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4.the Political System

The document discusses the concept of political systems, defining them as the structures through which authoritative public decisions are made in a society. It outlines various types of political systems, including democracy, monarchy, and dictatorship, and highlights the importance of understanding these systems for civic participation and governance. Additionally, it contrasts the political systems of different countries, such as the USA and RK, while emphasizing the interdependence of political institutions and their roles in society.

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16 views23 pages

4.the Political System

The document discusses the concept of political systems, defining them as the structures through which authoritative public decisions are made in a society. It outlines various types of political systems, including democracy, monarchy, and dictatorship, and highlights the importance of understanding these systems for civic participation and governance. Additionally, it contrasts the political systems of different countries, such as the USA and RK, while emphasizing the interdependence of political institutions and their roles in society.

Uploaded by

d.abillkasimov01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

The political system


Political science

Yerkebulan Akberdiyev
Senior lecturer
Multidisciplinary Education
Table of content
• Introduction
• Types of political system
• Political system of RK
• Political system of USA
• Summary
• References
Introduction
• In political science, a political system means the type of political
organization that can be recognized, observed or otherwise
declared by a state. It defines the process for making official
government decisions. It usually comprizes the governmental legal
and economic system, social and cultural system, and other state
and government specific systems. However, this is a very simplified
view of a much more complex system of categories involving the
questions of who should have authority and what the government
influence on its people and economy should be.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
• There are many kinds of systems - mechanical systems
such as automobiles, ecological systems (ecosystems)
where the plants and animals coexisting in a single
habitat, or human body mat be seen as a system.
• All have interdependent parts and boundaries, core
element and operate in interdependence.
• Political systems are a particular type of social system—
namely, one involved in the making of authoritative public
decisions.
• To put it slightly differently, the political system is a
set of institutions, such as government, parliaments,
bureaucracies, and courts, that formulate and
implement the collective goals of a society or of
groups within it
POLITICAL SYSTEM
• Anything we call a system must necessarily have
the properties:
•(1) it has a set of interdependent parts,
• and (2) it has boundaries towards the
environment with which it interacts.
•System has a core element (3)
•Also (4) the entire system could work as far
as its parts do.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
There is no such thing as playing politics by itself.
political decisions are public and authoritative.
To say that politics has to do with public
decisions is to say that politics is inherently social.
Politics always involves and has consequences for
multiple human beings.

Political decisions always take place within some


community that we may call a political system.
POLITICAL SYSTEM of RK
POLITICAL SYSTEM
Before we’ll study the Political System, we need to fix up
some points that will be taught at the next classes:

•A state is a formal group that is sovereign over its


members and occupies a well-defined territory. It is the
formal apparatus of authoritative roles and law norms
through which that sovereignty is exercised.

•The state, however, should not be confused with a specific


balance of powers as a particular status quo, which is a
role of a government.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
So, political system is the set of formal legal
institutions that constitute a “government” or a
“state.”
A state is a political organization of society, or,
more narrowly, the institutions of government.
The state is a form of human association
distinguished from other social groups by its
purpose, the establishment of order and security;
its methods, the laws and their enforcement; its
territory, the area of jurisdiction or geographic
boundaries; and finally by its sovereignty.
The state consists, most broadly, of the agreement
of the individuals on the means whereby disputes
are settled in the form of laws
POLITICAL SYSTEM
•Even in stateless societies which had no developed formal
central institutions were seen having some kind of
decision-making and rule-making processes which were
dominated by some members.

• As societies become wealthier and more complex,


political systems develop and grow more powerful.

•Governments may effect massive change in laws and


roles while the state remains the same.
POLITICAL SYSTEM

•The political system of a state must be distinguished from


the state itself.

•A state through its lifetime may have different political


systems ( for example, China, Russia, Germany, etc)

• A political system consists of the formal and informal


structures which manifest the state's sovereignty over a
territory and people.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
• The Five Most Common Political Systems Around
the World
• Democracy.
• Republic.
• Monarchy.
• Communism.
• Dictatorship.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
• Then there is a whole host of institutions
beginning with the family and including
communities, churches, schools,
universities, corporations, foundations,
and think-tanks, which influence political
attitudes and public policy
• The term political system refers to this
whole collection of related, interacting
institutions and agencies.
a personality is a
carrier of political political relations - interaction
interest as a between subjects of politics,
conscious source of institutions of power
political behavior

political organizations, political activity is the


government institutions, political activity of policy
public process Political subjects to realize their
management centers interests
system

political consciousness is a
system of views, ideas, political norms, customs,
theories reflecting political traditions governing political
life, political life, political relations
processes and phenomena
POLITICAL SYSTEM
•Famous Western scholars Almond and Coleman (1960) have
described the following three main functions of a political
system:
• 1. To maintain integration of society by determining
norms.
• 2. To adapt and change elements of social, economic,
religious systems necessary for achieving collective
(political) goals.
• 3. To protect the integrity of the political system from
outside threats.
• They have grouped these functions into two
categories:
• (1) Input functions—political socialization, interest
articulation, interest aggregation, and political
communication; and
• (2) output functions—rule making, rule appli­cation and
POLITICAL SYSTEM
USA POLITICAL SYSTEM
POLITICAL SYSTEM
The legitimacy of the American system was high
just after World War II; it declined substantially
during and after the Vietnam War but has since
then recovered at least somewhat.
Policy failures in turn can cause declining
legitimacy.
The Soviet system collapsed in 1991 after its
legitimacy had been undermined by a failed
and costly war in Afghanistan, a nuclear power
disaster in Chernobyl, corruption, and
declining economic productivity.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
1. What is set of institutions that forms a political system of society?

2. What are the characteristics of the structure and function of political


systems?

3. Is political system a network of relationships through which


government generates ‘outputs’ (policies) in response to ‘inputs
(demand or support) from the general public? Give your samples

4. Explain how did G.Almond view political system as a set of inputs,


outputs and conversion?
Summary
Understanding political systems helps us comprehend how societies are governed and
how power and authority are exercised. This knowledge is crucial for informed civic
participation and contributing to effective governance.
Reference
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-system
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_system
• https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/chapter/14-2-types-of-political-sys
tems/
Thank you!

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