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3 - Image Visualization - Enhancement

The document discusses the importance of image enhancement and visualization in remote sensing (RS) projects, focusing on color perception and its role in interpreting multispectral data. It explains various color spaces such as RGB, IHS, and YMC, detailing how colors are perceived and displayed on screens versus printed media. Additionally, it covers the concept of color composites and how they can be used to distinguish land use categories in RS imagery.

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7 views12 pages

3 - Image Visualization - Enhancement

The document discusses the importance of image enhancement and visualization in remote sensing (RS) projects, focusing on color perception and its role in interpreting multispectral data. It explains various color spaces such as RGB, IHS, and YMC, detailing how colors are perceived and displayed on screens versus printed media. Additionally, it covers the concept of color composites and how they can be used to distinguish land use categories in RS imagery.

Uploaded by

jmazvimbakupa3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Enhancement and

Visualisation

By

GUMINDOGA W

2024
Introduction
 Visualization is important for the process
of information extraction from an image
 This is because RS projects make use of
multispectral data
 How we perceive colour is required at two
main stages in the RS process
 It is required to produce optimal ‘pictures’ from
(multispectral) image data on the comp screen
or as printed hard copy
 The theory of colour perception plays an
important role in the subsequent interpretation
of these pictures
Perception of colour
 Colour perception takes place in the human
eye and the associated part of the brain
 Colour perception concerns our ability to
identify and distinguish colours
 As a result we can identify and distinguish
entities in real world
 The eye's general sensitivity is to wavelengths
between 400-700nm
 So different wavelengths are experienced as
different colours
Tri-stimuli model

 3 different kinds of cones responding to the blue,


green and red wavelength
 The signals sent to our brain by these cones, and the
differences between them, give us colour sensations
 Therefore objects appear less colourful in low light
conditions
 All colours on TV or computer screens are a mixture
of different amounts of red, green and blue
 The mixing takes place in our brains
Colour spaces
 3 degrees of freedom in the perception
of colour
Colour spaces: RGB
 RGB definition of colours directly related to
the way in which comp and television
monitors function
 Our brain combines the stimuli from red,

green and blue dots and enables us to


perceive all colours from visible part of the
Cyan= Refer to the color obtained by mixing equal amounts of Green and Blue Light
Magenta=Refer to the color obtained by mixing equal amounts of Blue and Red Light
spectrum
Yellow= Refer to the color obtained by mixing equal amounts of Green and Red Light
Colour spaces: Intensity, Hue
& Saturation (IHS)
 IHS reflects our sensation of colour.
 Intensity describes whether a colour is light or
dark
 Hue refers to the names that we give to
colours: red, purple, yellow etc
 Saturation describes a colour in terms of pale
versus vivid
 Pastel colours have low saturation
 Grey has zero saturation
Colour spaces: Yellow Magenta
Cyan (YMC)
 Unlike RGB used in comp and TV display, YMC used in colour
definition on hardcopy e.g printed pictures, photographic
films and paper
 Yellow magenta and cyan are considered as coloured filters
 Each filter subtracts one primary colour from the white light:
 magenta filter subtracts green so that only red and blue are left
 Cyan subtracts red

 Yellow one subtracts blue

 Magenta overlaps with cyan to subtract

both green and red, as we se blue


 Cental area all light filtered away and result black
Single band image
display
 Normally displayed using a grey scale
 Grey shades of the monitor typically range
from back (value 0) to white (vale 255)
 To optimize the range of grey values,
transfer function maps DN-values into
grey shade sif the monitor
Colour composites
 True colour composite-RGB channels relate to Red,
Green and Blue wavelength of a scanner
 False Colour Composite-link RGB to NIR, R, G bands
 The most striking characteristic of false colour
composites is that vegetation appears in a red-purple
colour
 In visible band, plants reflect mostly green light (why
plants appear green) but their infrared reflection is very
higher
 Therefore vegetation in a false colour composite is
shown as combination of some blue but even more red,
resulting in reddish tint of purple
 Landuse categories can often be distinguished by
assigning landsat Tm bands 5-4-3 or 4-5-3
 Combinations that display NIR as green show vegetation
in a green colour and therefore called pseudo-natural
Landsat Colour
Composites
SPOT Colour Composites

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