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Lesson 02

The document covers fundamental concepts in structural dynamics, including dynamic equations, single degree of freedom systems, and the analysis of elastic and inelastic systems. It discusses damping phenomena, equations of motion, and problem-solving techniques for determining displacement and internal stresses under various loading conditions. Additionally, it addresses free and forced vibrations, including harmonic excitation and the effects of damping on vibration characteristics.

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Ammar Ali Arain
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16 views43 pages

Lesson 02

The document covers fundamental concepts in structural dynamics, including dynamic equations, single degree of freedom systems, and the analysis of elastic and inelastic systems. It discusses damping phenomena, equations of motion, and problem-solving techniques for determining displacement and internal stresses under various loading conditions. Additionally, it addresses free and forced vibrations, including harmonic excitation and the effects of damping on vibration characteristics.

Uploaded by

Ammar Ali Arain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural

Dynamics
Fundamental Concepts
Outlines
• Fundamental Concepts
• Dynamic Equation
• Single Degree of Freedom
• Elastic Models
• Inelastic Analysis
Fundamental Concepts
• Simple Structure Idealization
• Mass Component
• Stiffness Components
• Fundamentals Equation is

• Unrealistic – Continues
• Damping
Fundamental Concepts
Fundamental Concepts
Single Degree of Freedom
System
• Realistic Representation
• Simple Understanding
• Mass Component
• Stiffness Component
• Damping Component
SDOF
Force Displacement
Relationships
Elastic and Inelastic Systems
• Elastic Systems
• Proportional Force – Displacement Relationship

• Inelastic Systems
• Require Functional Representation
Problem # 01
Damping Force
• The Phenomenon of Decay in Amplitude of Vibration
• Mechanical
• Intrinsic
• Concept of Equivalent Viscous Damping
• Structural Damping
• Related to Testing and observational Data
Derivation of Equation of Motion
• Newtons Second Law of Motion
• D Almebert Principle
• Stiffness, Damping and Mass Components
Problem # 02
Problem # 03
Problem # 03
Equation of Motion: Earthquake
Excitation
• Total Ground Displacement
• Relative Component
• Only Rigid Body component can induce forces

• Concept of Equivalent Lateral Forces


• Opposite in Direction
Problem Statement
• Known quantities are
• Mass
• Stiffness
• Damping
• To Determine
• Displacement
• Internal Stresses
• Forces etc
Problem Statement
• For Elastic Systems
• Determine Static Load Responses
• Determine Dynamic Load Responses
• Superimpose
• For Inelastic Systems
• Start from Already Deformed Shape of Static Loads
• Then apply Dynamic Loads
Problem Statement
• Since it’s a second order differential equation, Solution
can be obtained either
• Classical Solutions
• Duhamel Integrals
• Frequency Domain Methods
• Transform Methods
Free Vibration Response
Basic Concepts
• Free Vibration
• Forced Vibrations
• Undamped Free Vibrations
• Natural Period of Vibrations
• Natural Cyclic Frequency
• Natural Circular Frequency
Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts
• Free Vibration Oscillates Back and Forth
• Each Undamped Vibration Cycle has same amplitude

• For Simple Single bay Single Storey Structure,


Problem # 04
Problem # 05
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
• Critical Damping
• Smallest value of damping co-efficient that inhibits the motion
completely
• Overdamped System
• Underdamped
• Critically Damped System
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
• Critical Damping
• Smallest value of damping co-efficient that inhibits the motion
completely
• Overdamped System
• Underdamped
• Critically Damped System
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
• For underdamped Systems, damped frequency of vibration
is

• Damped Period of Vibration is


• Following relationship is useful
Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
• Damping Lowers the Frequency and Lengthens the time
period

• The effect is negligible for the cases where damping is


less than 20%

• Most of the civil engineering structures fall under this


category

• Another important parameter is the rate of damping


Viscously Damped Free
Vibrations
Reduction in Amplitude
• Damping reduces the amplitude for each cycle.
• The relationship is

• Logarithmic decrement
Problem # 06
Problem # 07
Problem # 08
Response Due to Harmonic
Excitation
Harmonic Vibrations –
Undamped System
• Harmonic Excitation is represented by
• The equation of Motion becomes as
• Which upon Solution has form
Harmonic Vibrations –
Undamped System
Harmonic Vibrations –
Undamped System
• The solved equation has 2 components
• Due to Forced Frequency : Steady State
• Due to Natural Frequency: Transient State
• For sinusoidal forcing frequency,

• The static deformation in each cycle is represented by


•
Harmonic Vibrations –
Undamped System
• Phase Angle
• In phase
• Out of Phase
Harmonic Vibrations –
Undamped System
• Resonant Frequency
• When forcing frequency is equal to natural frequency of vibration

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