Python

Programmin
g Language
 Data structures
• Data structures are a way of organizing and storing data so
that they can be accessed and worked with efficiently.

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 Data Types in Python

• Numbers
• Booleans
• Strings
• List
• Tuple
• Set
• Dictionary

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 List

• Lists in Python are used to store collection of heterogeneous items.

• Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
• List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.
• List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc.

Ex:
• list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000];
• list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];

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 How to create a list?

• In Python programming, a list is created by placing all the items (elements)

inside a square bracket [ ], separated by commas.
• It can have any number of items and they may be of different types
(integer, float, string etc.).

• list my_list = []
• my_list = [1, 2, 3]
• my_list = [1, "Hello", 3.4]
• Also, a list can even have another list as an item. This is called nested list.
• my_list = ["mouse", [8, 4, 6], ['a']]

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 How to access elements from a list?
• List items are indexed and you can access them by referring to the index number
• We can use the index operator [] to access an item in a list.
• Index starts from 0. So, a list having 5 elements will have index from 0 to 4.
• Trying to access an element out of range index then it will raise an IndexError.
• The index must be an integer. We can't use float or other types, this will result
into TypeError.

Negative indexing
• Python allows negative indexing for its sequences.
• The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the second
last item and so on.

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 How to access elements from a list?

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(thislist[1]) banana

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(thislist[-1]) cherry

Range of Indexes
• You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to end the
range.
• When specifying a range, the return value will be a new list with the specified items.

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon"]

print(thislist[2:5])
['cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi']

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 How to access elements from a list?

thislist =["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi"]

print(thislist[:3])
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry’,]

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi"]

print(thislist[2:])
['cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi']

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange",

"kiwi"]
['banana', 'cherry', 'orange']
print(thislist[-4:-1])

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 Change List Items
• To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist[1] = "blackcurrant"
['apple', 'blackcurrant', 'cherry']
print(thislist)

thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "mango"]
thislist[1:3] = ["blackcurrant", "watermelon"]
print(thislist)
['apple', 'blackcurrant', 'watermelon', 'orange', 'kiwi', 'mango']

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 Add List Items
Append Items:
• To add an item to the end of the list, use the append() method:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']

Insert Items:
• The insert() method inserts an item at the specified index:

thislist =
["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.insert(1, "orange") ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'cherry']
print(thislist)
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 Remove List Items
Remove Specified Item:
• The remove() method removes the specified item.
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)
['apple', 'cherry']
• If there are more than one item with the specified value, the remove() method removes the first
occurrence:
Remove Specified Index:
• The pop() method removes the element at specified index.

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.pop(0)
print(thislist) ['banana', 'cherry’]

• If you do not specify the index, the pop() method removes the last item.

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.pop()
print(thislist) ['apple', 'banana']
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 Loop Through a List
You can loop through the list items by using a for loop

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] apple

for x in thislist: banana
print(x) cherry

Loop Through the Index Numbers:

• You can also loop through the list items by referring to their index number.
• Use the range() and len() functions to create a suitable iterable.

Example: Print all items by referring to their index number:

list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] apple

n=len(list) banana
for i in range(n): cherry
print(list[i])
Practice program: Print all items, using a while loop
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 Given a list of numbers. write a program to turn every item of a list into
its square.
Given: Expected output:
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36,
49]

Program:
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
res=[]
for i in numbers:
res.append(i*i)
print("Input:",numbers)
print("Output:",res) Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49]

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 Methods Of list
animal = ['cat', 'dog', 'rabbit']
len(): It returns the number of elements in the list.
Print(len(animal))

extend():it adds all items of a one list to the end of another list.
syntax:
• list1.extend(list2)
• Here, the elements of list2 are added to the end of list1.

language = ['French', 'English', 'German']

language1 = ['Spanish', 'Portuguese']
language.extend(language1) Output:
Language List: ['French', 'English', 'German', 'Spanish',
print('Language List: ', language) 'Portuguese']

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 Methods Of list
count(): method returns the number of occurrences of an element in a list.
Syntax: list.count(element)

vowels = ["C","Python","java","Python"]
count = vowels.count('Python')
print(count) #2 Output:
2
sum() : Calculates sum of all the elements of List.
Syntax: sum(List)

List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(sum(List))
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 Methods Of list

min() : Calculates minimum of all the elements of List.

Syntax: min(List)

List = [2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 2.5]

print(min(List)) #1

max(): Calculates maximum of all the elements of List.

Syntax: max(List)
List = [2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 2.5]
print(max(List)) #5.
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 Methods Of list
• sort() method can be used to sort List with Python in ascending or descending
order.

numbers = [1, 3, 4, 2]
strs = ["geeks", "code", "ide", "practice"]
strs.sort()
# Sorting list of Integers in ascending
print(strs)
print(numbers.sort())
print(numbers) # [1, 2, 3, 4]

#['code', 'geeks', 'ide', 'practice']

numbers = [1, 3, 4, 2]
numbers.sort(reverse=True)

print(numbers) # [4, 3, 2,
1]

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Write a python program to read items from the user and display
items in the list?

L=[]
n=int(input("enter size of list"))
i=0
while(i<n):
a=int(input())
L.append(a)
i=i+1
for j in L:
print(j)

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 Python program that search for a specific element in a list

list=[5,6,7,8,9]
num=int(input("enter element to search"))
for i in list:
if i==num:
print(num,"found in the list")
break
else:
print(num,"not found in the list")

enter element to search 8

8 found in the list

enter element to search 20

20 not found in the list

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 Write a python program to find the largest element in a list
without using method

list=[1,2,4,7,3]
max=list[0]
for a in list:
if a > max:
max = a
print("largets is",max)

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create a Python program to count the number of strings in a list that have a
length of 3 or more and where the first and last characters are the same

string_list = ["level", "python", "radar", "hh", "noon"]

count = 0

for word in string_list:

if len(word) >= 3 and word[0] == word[-1]:
count += 1
print("Count is:", count)

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 List Comprehension:

• List comprehension is an elegant and concise way to create new list from
an existing list in Python.
• List comprehension consists of an expression followed by for statement
inside square brackets.
pow2 = [2 ** x for x in range(10)]
print(pow2)
# Output: [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512]
• n=5
• combinations = [(x,y) for x in range(1,n+1) for y in range(1,n+1)]
• print("All possible combination of pairs from 1 to 5 are:",combinations)

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 tuple

• A tuple is a collection of elements separated by commas.

• Tuple items are ordered, unchangeable, and allow duplicate values.
• Since tuple are unchangeable, iterating through tuple is faster than with list.

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 Creating a Tuple

• A tuple is created by placing all the items (elements) inside a parentheses

(), separated by comma.
• A tuple can have any number of items and they may be of different types
(integer, float, list, string etc.).

• my_tuple = ()
• my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
• my_tuple = (1, "Hello", 3.4)
• my_tuple = ("mouse", [8, 4, 6], (1, 2, 3))
• my_tuple = 3, 4.6, "dog"

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 Accessing Elements in a Tuple

Indexing:
• We can use the index operator [] to access an item in a tuple where the
index starts from 0.
• The index must be an integer, so we cannot use float or other types. This
will result into TypeError
Negative Indexing
• Python allows negative indexing for its sequences.
• The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2 to the second last item and so on.
Slicing
• We can access a range of items in a tuple by using the slicing operator -
colon ":".

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 Accessing Elements in a tuple
my_tuple = ('python','java','C','C++’)

print(my_tuple[3])
print(my_tuple[-2])
print(my_tuple[1:3])
print(my_tuple[:])

t=(1,2,3)
t[0] = 5

n_tuple = ("mouse", [8, 4, 6], (1, 2, 3))

print(n_tuple[1])
print(n_tuple[0][1])
print(n_tuple[2][2])
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 Basic tuple Operations

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 Methods
t=(1,4,5,3,8)
print(sum(t))
print(max(t))
print(min(t))

T=(1,5,3,2,5)
print(T. count(5)) # 2

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 Methods
tuple(): converts a list of items into tuples

L=[1,5,3]
T=tuple( L )
print(T)

Sorted():
p = ('e', 'a', 'u', 'o', 'i') ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u’]
['u', 'o', 'i', 'e', 'a']
print(sorted(p))
print(sorted(p,reverse=True))
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 Even and Odd sum in a tuple
t=(1,2,3,4,5)
sume=0
sumo=0
for i in t:
if(i%2==0):
sume=sume+i
else:
sumo=sumo+i
print(sume)
print(sumo)

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 python set
• A set is an unordered collection of items.
• All the elements in the set are unique.
• Sets can be used to perform mathematical set operations like union, intersection,
symmetric difference etc.
How to create a set:
• A set is created by placing all the elements inside curly braces {}, separated by
comma or by using the built-in function set().
• It can have any number of items and they may be of different types (integer, float,
tuple, string etc.).
my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set = set([1,2,3])
my_set = {1,2,3,4,3,2} # {1,2,3,4}

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 Access Items
• We cannot access or change an element of set using indexing or slicing.
• But you can loop through the set items using a for loop

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}

for x in thisset:
print(x) cherry
banana
apple

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 Join Two Sets or Python Set Operations
• The union() method that returns a new set containing all items from both sets
• The intersection() method will return a new set, that only contains the items that are present in
both sets.
• Difference of A and B (A - B) is a set of elements that are only in A but not in B
• The symmetric_difference() method will return a new set, that contains only the elements that
are NOT present in both sets.

Program:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

print(A.union(B)) #{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
print(A.intersection(B)) #{4, 5}
print(A.difference(B)) #{1, 2, 3}
print(A.symmetric_difference(B)) # {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
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 Python Set Methods
add() : It adds a given element to a set. If the element is already present, it
doesn't add any element.
v = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'u'}
v.add('o')
print('Vowels are:', v)

remove(): method searches for the given element in the set and removes it.
Ex:
language = {'English', 'French', German'}
language.remove('German')
print(language)
Output: {'English', 'French'}
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 Python Set Methods
numbers = {2.5, 3, 4, -5}
print(sum(numbers)) # 4.5
print(max(numbers)) #4
print(min(numbers))# -5
print(len(numbers)) #4
print (sorted(numbers)) # [-5, 2.5, 3, 4]

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 Python Dictionaries

• Dictionaries are used to store data as key:value pairs.

• Dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and have keys and values
• A dictionary is a collection which is changeable and do not allow duplicates.
• Dictionaries cannot have two items with the same key:
• The value can be accessed by unique key in the dictionary.
Ex:
my_dict = {1: 'apple', 2: 'ball'}

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 creating a dictionary
• Creating a dictionary is as simple as placing items inside curly braces {}
separated by comma.
• An item expressed as a key: value pair,

my_dict = {} #empty dictionary

my_dict = {1: 'apple', 2: 'ball’}

• using dict():
my_dict = dict({1:'apple', 2:'ball'})

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 accessing elements from a dictionary
• You can access the items of a dictionary by referring to its key name, inside
square brackets
• By using get() method also you can access the elements of a dictionary.

my_dict = {'name':'Jack', 'age': 26}

print(my_dict['name’]) // Jack
print(my_dict.get('age')) //26

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 Adding or changing elements in a dictionary?
• We can add new items or change the value of existing items using
assignment operator.
• If the key is already present, value gets updated, else a new key: value pair
is added to the dictionary.
Ex:
my_dict = {'name':'Jack', 'age': 26}
my_dict['age'] = 27
my_dict['address'] = 'Downtown'
print(my_dict) # Output: {'address': 'Downtown', 'age': 27, 'name':
'Jack’}

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 Python Dictionary Methods
1. get()
2. pop()
3. Del
4. clear()
5. Items()
6. update()
7. keys()
8. values()
9. copy()

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 pop():
• The pop() method removes and returns an element from a dictionary
having the given key.

Ex:
sales = { 'apple': 2, 'orange': 3, 'grapes': 4 }
element = sales.pop('apple')
print('The popped element is:', element) #2

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 del:
• del keyword is used to remove individual items or the entire dictionary itself.
Ex:
squares = {1:1, 2:4, 3:9, 4:16, 5:25}
del squares[5]
print(squares)
del squares

clear():
• It is used to remove all the items at once.

squares.clear()
print(squares) # Output: {}
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 update()
• It is used to update or add elements to dictionary.
• The update() method adds element(s) to the dictionary if the key is not in the dictionary.
• If the key is in the dictionary, it updates the key with the new value.

Ex:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.update({"color": "red"})

print(thisdict)

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 update()
• The items() method returns key-value pairs of the dictionary, as tuples in
a list.

car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

x = car.items()

print(x)

dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964)])

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 keys() and values()
• The keys() method returns a list of all the keys in the dictionary
Syntax: dict.keys()
• The values() method returns a list of all the values in the dictionary.
Syntax: dict.values()
Example:

sales = { 'apple': 2, 'orange': 3, 'grapes': 4}

print(sales.keys())
print(sales.values())

dict_keys(['apple', 'orange', 'grapes'])

dict_values([2, 3, 4])

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 copy()
• copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
• It doesn't modify the original dictionary
syntax : dict.copy()
Ex:
original = {1:'one', 2:'two'}
new = original.copy()
print(new)

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 sorted()

jersey = {10:'sachin',5:'Dravid',45:'Rohith',18:'Kohli'}
print(sorted(jersey))
[5, 10, 18, 45]
print(sorted(jersey. Keys()))
[5, 10, 18, 45]
print(sorted(jersey.values())) ['Dravid', 'Kohli', 'Rohith', 'sachin']
print(len(jersey)) #4

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 Loop Through a Dictionary

• for loop can be used to iterate though each key in a dictionary.

Ex:
jersey = {10:'sachin',5:'Dravid',45:'Rohith',18:'Kohli'}
for x in jersey: 10
print(x) 5
45
18

Print all values in the dictionary, one by one:

jersey= {10:'sachin',5:'Dravid',45:'Rohith',18:'Kohli'}
for x in jersey: sachin
Dravid
print(jersey[x]) Rohith
Kohli

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 Loop Through a Dictionary

• You can also use the values() method to return values of a dictionary:

sachin
jersey = Dravid
{10:'sachin',5:'Dravid',45:'Rohith',18:'Kohli'} Rohith
for x in jersey.values(): Kohli
print(x)

• Loop through both keys and values, by using the items() method:

jersey = {10:'sachin',5:'Dravid',45:'Rohith',18:'Kohli'}
for x,y in jersey.items(): 10 sachin
5 Dravid
print(x,y)
45 Rohith
18 Kohli

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 Dictionary Membership Test

• We can test if a key is in a dictionary or not using the keyword in.

• Membership test is for keys only, not for values.
Example:
squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}
print(1 in squares) # Output: True

print(2 in squares) # Output: False

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 Write a Python script to print a dictionary where the keys are numbers between 1 and 15 (both
included) and the values are the square of the keys.

d = dict()

# Iterate through numbers from 1 to 15 (inclusive).

for x in range(1, 16):
d[x] = x ** 2
print(d)

{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81, 10: 100, 11: 121, 12: 144, 13: 169, 14: 196, 15:
225}

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 Write a Python program to sum all the items in a dictionary with out using methods

my_dict = {'data1': 10, 'data2': 4, 'data3':

2}
sum=0;
for i in my_dict:
sum=sum+my_dict[i]
print(“sum:”,sum)
Sum : 16

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 Write a Python program to remove a key from a dictionary

myDict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

# Print the original dictionary 'myDict'.

print(myDict)

if 'a' in myDict:
del myDict['a']

print(myDict)

{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

{'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

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 Write a Python program to get the maximum and minimum values of a dictionary.

my_dict = {'x': 500, 'y': 5874, 'z': 560}

print("maximum value is",max(my_dict.values()))
print("minimum value is",min(my_dict.values()))

Python: Remove duplicates from Dictionary

my_dict = {'x': 500, 'y': 5874, 'z': 500}

result = {}

for key, value in my_dict.items():

if value not in result.values():
result[key] = value
print(result)
{'x': 500, 'y': 5874}

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 Link For programs on Dictionaries in python

• https://www.w3resource.com/python-exercises/dictionary/

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 Numpy Array in python
• An NumPy array/ndarray is a multidimensional container for collection of
homogeneous data; that is, all of the elements must be the same type.
• Numpy arrays are faster, more efficient than lists.
NumPy package:
• NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays.
• It provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with
mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.
• NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.

Importing NumPy:
import numpy

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 Create a NumPy ndarray Object

• We can create a NumPy ndarray object by using the array() function.

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) // 1-D Array

print(arr)
print(type(arr))

[1 2 3 4 5]
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>

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 2-D Arrays

• 2-D array is used to represent matrix

• A matrix is a two-dimensional data structure where numbers are arranged into
rows and columns.

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 Create Matrix in NumPy

import numpy as np

# create a 2x2 matrix

matrix1 = np.array([[1, 3],
[5, 7]])

print("2x2 Matrix:\n",matrix1)

# create a 3x3 matrix 2x2 Matrix:

matrix2 = np.array([[2, 3, 5], [[1 3]
[7, 14, 21], [5 7]]
[1, 3, 5]])

print("\n3x3 Matrix:\n",matrix2) 3x3 Matrix:

[[ 2 3 5]
[ 7 14 21]
[ 1 3 5]]

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 NumPy Array Attributes
import numpy as np

# create a 2-D array

array1 = np.array([[2, 4, 6],
[1, 3, 5]])

# check the dimension of array1

print(array1.ndim)

# return total number of elements in array1

print(array1.size)

# return a tuple that gives size of array in each

dimension
print(array1.shape) 2
6
# check the data type of array1 (2, 3)
print(array1.dtype) int64

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 Accessing the Elements of the Matrix

import numpy as np
A= np.array( [ [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ], [ 10, 11, 12 ] ] )
print ( "2nd element of 1st row of the matrix = “, A [0] [1] )
print ( "3rd element of 2nd row of the matrix = ", A [1] [2] )
print ( "Second row of the matrix = ",A[1] )
print ( "last element of the last row of the matrix =", A[-1] [-1] )

2nd element of 1st row of the matrix = 5

3rd element of 2nd row of the matrix = 9
Second row of the matrix = [7 8 9]
last element of the last row of the matrix = 12

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 Matrix Operations using Numpy

1.Basic Matrix Operations

1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
2.Advanced Matrix Operations
1. Transpose
2. Inverse

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Addition of Matrices

• Plus, operator (+) is used to add the elements of two matrices.

import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 10 ], [ -5, 9 ] ] )
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ], [ 7, 9 ] ] )
Z = X + Y #np.add(X,Y)
print (“Addition of Two Matrix : \n ", Z)

Addition of Two Matrix :

[[10 16]
[ 2 18]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Subtraction of Matrices
• Minus operator (-) is used to subtract the elements of two matrices.

import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 10 ], [ -5, 9 ] ] )
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ], [ 7, 9 ] ] )
Z = X – Y #np.subtract(X,Y)
print (“Subtraction of Two Matrix : \n ", Z)

Substraction of Two Matrix :

[[ 6 4]
[-12 0]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Multiplication of Matrices

• Multiplication operator (*) is used to multiply the elements of two matrices

element wise.
import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 10 ], [ -5, 9 ] ] )
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ], [ 7, 9 ] ] )
Z = X * Y #np.multiply(X,Y)
print ("Multiplication of Two Matrix : \n ", Z)

Multiplication of Two Matrix :

[[ 16 60]
[-35 81]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Division of Matrices

• Division operator (/) is used to divide the elements of two matrices element
wise.
import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 10 ], [ -5, 9 ] ] )
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ], [ 7, 9 ] ] )
Z = X / Y #np. Divide(X,Y)
print ("Division of Two Matrix : \n ", Z)

Multiplication of Two Matrix :

[[ 4.0 1.66],
[-0.71 1.0]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Matrix Dot Products Calculation

• @/dot() method is used to calculate dot Product of two matrices .

import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 1 ], [ 5, 2 ] ] )
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ], [ 7, 9 ] ] )
Z = X @ Y
print ("dot product of Two Matrix : \n ", Z)

dot product of Two Matrix :

[[23 57]
[24 48]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Transpose of a Matrix

• It is nothing but the interchange the rows and columns of a

Matrix
import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 1 ], [ 5, 2 ] ] )

print ( " Original Matrix is : \n ", X)

print ( " Transpose Matrix is : \n ", np.transpose(X))

Original Matrix is :
[[8 1]
[5 2]]
Transpose Matrix is :
[[8 5]
[1 2]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Determinant of a Matrix in NumPy

• It is nothing but the interchange the rows and columns of a

Matrix
import numpy as np
A = np.array ( [ [ 8, 1 ], [ 5, 2 ] ] )
print ( " Original Matrix is : \n ", A)
print(" Determinant Matrix is : \n ",np.linalg.det(A))

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Inverse of a Matrix

import numpy as np
A = np.array ( [ [ 8, 1 ], [ 5, 2 ] ] )

print ( " Original Matrix is : \n ", A)

print(" Inverse Matrix is : \n ",np.linalg.inv(A))

Original Matrix is :
[[8 1]
[5 2]]
Inverse Matrix is :
[[ 0.18181818 -0.09090909]
[-0.45454545 0.72727273]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Reshaping arrays

• Reshaping means changing the shape of an array.

• The shape of an array is the number of elements in each dimension.

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])

newarr = arr.reshape(4,3)

print(newarr)

[[ 1 2 3]
[ 4 5 6]
[ 7 8 9]
[10 11 12]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Write a python program to apply basic matrix operations on matrices
Addition of Two Matrix :
[[10 16]
[ 2 18]]
import numpy as np Subtraction of Two Matrix :
[[ 6 4]
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 10 ], [ -5, 9 ] ] ) [-12 0]]
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ], [ 7, 9 ] ] ) Multiplication of Two Matrix :
[[ 16 60]
print (“Addition of Two Matrix : \n ", X+Y) [-35 81]]
print ("Subtraction of Two Matrix : \n ", X-Y) Division of Two Matrix :
[[ 4. 1.66666667]
print ("Multiplication of Two Matrix : \n ", X*Y) [-0.71428571 1. ]]
print ("Division of Two Matrix : \n ", X/Y) dot product of Two Matrix :
[[ 86 138]
print ("dot product of Two Matrix : \n ", X@Y) [ 53 51]]
print ( " Transpose Matrix is : \n ", Transpose Matrix is :
[[ 8 -5]
np.transpose(X)) [10 9]]
print(" Inverse Matrix is : \n ",np.linalg.inv(X)) Inverse Matrix is :
[[ 0.07377049 -0.08196721]
[ 0.04098361 0.06557377]]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Write a python program to apply basic matrix operations on matrices with
looping
import numpy as np
X = np.array ( [ [ 8, 10 ],
[ -5, 9 ] ] )
Y = np.array ( [ [ 2, 6 ],
[ 7, 9 ] ] )
# Create a result matrix with the same dimensions
A = [[0, 0],[0, 0]]
S = [[0, 0],[0, 0]]
M = [[0, 0],[0, 0]]
D = [[0, 0],[0, 0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y)):
A[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]
S[i][j] = X[i][j] - Y[i][j]
M[i][j] = X[i][j] * Y[i][j]
D[i][j] = X[i][j] / Y[i][j]

print (“Addition of Two Matrix : \n ", A)

print ("Subtraction of Two Matrix : \n ", S)
print ("Multiplication of Two Matrix : \n ", M)
print ("Division of Two Matrix : \n ", D)

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 # Program to transpose a matrix using a nested loop

X = [[12,7],
[4 ,5],
[3 ,8]]

result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows

for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[j][i] = X[i][j]

for r in result:
print(r)
[12, 4, 3]
[7, 5, 8]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Mathematical methods

sum(): It returns the sum of array elements.

max(): It finds the maximum element in an array

min(): It finds the minimum element in an array

mean(): It computes the arithmetic mean (average) of the given data

var() : It Compute the variance of the given data
std(): It computes the standard deviation of the given data
np.sort() : This function returns a sorted copy of an array.

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering

 Write a python program to create an array with marks of 10 students . Find
minimum,maximum,average,variance, standard deviation of marks. Print in ascending order also.

import numpy as np

a= np.array([15, 25, 36, 47, 58, 60, 75, 85, 95])

print("Max is:",np.max(a))
print("Min is:",np.min(a))
print("Average is:",np.mean(a))
print("variance is:",np.var(a))
print("SD is:",np.std(a))
print("After sortng :",np.sort(a))
Max is: 95
Min is: 15
Average is: 55.111111111111114
variance is: 650.9876543209876
SD is: 25.514459710544287
After sortng : [15 25 36 47 58 60 75 85 95]

T Seshu Chakravarthy Department Of Computer Science and Engineering