Object Oriented Development

with Java
(CT038-3-2)

Concept of Object Orientation – Part 1

Object Oriented Modeling

Prepared by: Lee Kim Keong First Prepared on: June 13 Last Modified on: April 19
Quality checked by: null
Copyright 2019 Asia Pacific University of Innovation and Technology
 Learning outcome

• At the end of this lesson, you will be able

to
– Describe abstraction, encapsulation,
modularity, and hierarchy
– Describe the physical structure of a class
– Describe the relationship between a class and
an object
– Define polymorphism and generalization

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 What Is an Object?

• Informally, an object represents an entity,

either physical, conceptual, or software.

– Physical entity Truck

– Conceptual entity Chemical Process

– Software entity
Linked List
CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented
 A More Formal Definition
Attributes

• An object is an entity
with a well-defined
boundary and identity
that encapsulates state
and behavior.
– State is represented by
attributes and relationships.
– Behavior is represented by
operations, methods, and
Object
state machines.
Operations

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 An Object Has State

• State is a condition or situation during the life of

an object, which satisfies some condition,
performs some activity, or waits for some event.
• The state of an object normally changes over
time.
Name: J Clark
Employee ID:
567138
HireDate: 07/25/1991
Status: Tenured
Name: J Clark Discipline: Finance
Employee ID: 567138 MaxLoad: 3

Date Hired: July 25, 1991

Status: Tenured
Discipline: Finance Professor Clark
Maximum Course Load: 3 classes
CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented
 An Object Has Behavior

• Behavior determines how an object acts and

reacts.
• The visible behavior of an object is modeled by
a set of messages it can respond to (operations
that the object can perform). Ac
ce
pt

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Co

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ur
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ra
O

G
ff e

al
rin

in
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itF
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bm
Su
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tM
Professor Clark’s behavior

ax
Lo
Submit Final Grades

ad
) (
Accept Course Offering TakeSabbatical()
Take Sabbatical
Set Max Load Professor Clark
CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented
 An Object Has Identity

• Each object has a unique identity, even if

the state is identical to that of another
object.

Professor “J Clark” Professor “J Clark”

teaches Biology teaches Biology

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 Representing Objects in the UML

• An object is represented as a rectangle

with an underlined name.
Professor

Named Object

: Professor
Professor J Clark

Anonymous Object

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 What Is a Class?

• A class is a description of a set of objects

that share the same attributes, operations,
relationships, and semantics.
– An object is an instance of a class.
• A class is an abstraction in that it
– Emphasizes relevant characteristics.
– Suppresses other characteristics.

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 A Sample Class
Class
Course

Properties Behavior
Name Add a student
Location Delete a student
Days offered Get course roster
Credit hours Determine if it is full
Start time
End time

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 Representing Classes in UML

• A class is represented using a rectangle

with three compartments:
Professor
– The class name - name
- employeeID : UniqueId
- hireDate
- status
– The structure (attributes) - discipline
- maxLoad

+ submitFinalGrade()
+ acceptCourseOffering()
+ setMaxLoad()
– The behavior (operations) + takeSabbatical()
+ teachClass()

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 The Relationship between
Classes and Objects
• A class is an abstract definition of an
object.
– It defines the structure and behavior of each
object in the class.
– It serves as a template for creating objects.
• Classes are not collections of objects.

Professor

Professor Meijer Professor Allen

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented
 What Is an Attribute?

• An attribute is a named property of a class

that describes the range of values that
instances of the property may hold.
– A class may have any number of attributes or
no attributes at all.
Student
- name
- address
Attributes
- studentID
- dateOfBirth

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 Attributes in Classes and Objects

Class
:Student
- name = “M. Modano”
- address = “123 Main St.”
Student - studentID = 9
- name - dateOfBirth = “03/10/1967”
- address
- studentID Objects
- dateOfBirth
:Student
- name = “D. Hatcher”
- address = “456 Oak Ln.”
- studentID = 2
- dateOfBirth = “12/11/1969”
CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented
 What Is an Operation?

• A service that can be requested from an

object to effect behavior. An operation has
a signature, which may restrict the actual
parameters that are possible.
• A class may have any number of
operations or none at all. Student

+ get tuition()
+ add schedule()
Operations + get schedule()
+ delete schedule()
+ has prerequisites()

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 What Is a Package?

• A general purpose mechanism for organizing

elements into groups.
• A model element that can contain other model
elements.
• A package can be used:
– To organize the model under development.
– As a unit of configuration management.

University
Artifacts

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 A Package Can Contain Classes

• The package, University Artifacts, contains

one package and five classes.
Student Professor
Artifacts

University
Artifacts Course Schedule

Student CourseOffering

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

17
 Review

• What is an object?
• What is a class? How are classes and objects
related?
• What is an attribute? An operation?
• Why use packages?

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented

 Q&A

CT038-3-2 Object Oriented Development with Java Concepts of Object Oriented