ANDROID

Presented by:SUNIL YADAV MCA 4TH SEM

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What is Android?
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Linux OS kernel Java programming Open source libraries: SQLite, WebKit, OpenGL
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WHY ANDROID?
A simple and powerful SDK
No licensing, distribution, or development fees

Development over many platform Linux, Mac OS, windows

Excellent documentation Thriving developer community
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Foundation OF ANDROID
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.),

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Android Open Source Project

The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is led by Google, and is tasked with the maintenance and development of Android

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Version history
Android has seen a number of updates since its original release, each fixing bugs and adding new features. Each version is named, in alphabetical order, after a dessert

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Recent releases
2.3 Gingerbread 3.0 Honeycomb 3.1 Honeycomb 3.2 Honeycomb 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich

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DESIGN..
Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C and application software running on an application framework which includes Javacompatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with justin-time compilation to run Dalvik dex-code (Dalvik Executable), which is usually translated from Java bytecode.
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 The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture. There is support for x86 from the Android x86 project,[56] and Google TV uses a special x86 version of Android.

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LINUX
Android's kernel is based on the Linux kernel and has further architecture changes by Google outside the typical Linux kernel development cycle. Android does not have a native X Window System nor does it support the full set of standard GNU libraries, and this makes it difficult to port existing Linux applications or libraries to Android.
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Android Environment:Eclipse & ADT

The Android Development Tools (ADT) pluginfor Eclipse adds extensions to the Eclipse IDE. It allows you to create and debug Android applications easier and faster.

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Features
Handset layouts Storage Connectivity Messaging Multiple language support Web browser

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Java support Media support Streaming media support Additional hardware support Multi-touch Bluetooth Video calling Etc.
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Uses
While Android is designed primarily for smartphones and tablets, the open and customizable nature of the operating system allows it to be used on other electronics, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks, and ebook readers. Further, Google intends to bring Android to televisions with Google TV, and the OS has seen applications on wristwatches,[85] headphones,car CD and DVD players, smart glasses, refrigerators, vehicle satnav systems, home automation systems, cameras, games consoles, mirrors,[88] digital cameras,[89] portable media players and landlines.
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Applications
Applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software Development Kit, but other development tools are available, including a Native Development Kit for applications or extensions in C or C++, Google App Inventor, a visual environment for novice programmers and various cross platform mobile web applications frameworks.
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Android App Basics

Android apps are written in Java Almost all Java classes available plus encryption, http, json, xml processing libraries No main() function instead: loosely coupled components, one or more of them defined as entry point(s) Most important component: Activity corresponds to a visible window on the screen
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Security
Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the operating system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are granted by the user when the application is installed. Before installing an application, Play Store displays all required permissions. A game may need to enable vibration, for example, but should not need to read messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user can decide whether to install the application..
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Privacy
Android smartphones have the ability to report the location of Wi-Fi access points, encountered as phone users move around, to build databases containing the physical locations of hundreds of millions of such access points.

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REFERENCES
http://androiddevelopers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html..... http://en.wikipedia.org http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/w hat-is-android.html http://www.google.co.in/

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