Structure of a C++ program:

Program to output ‘hello world’

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 Introduction
• No one learnt to ride a bicycle by
just reading about how to ride. At
some time you have to get up there
and take some bumps.
• Just like riding the bike, you are not a
good confident rider until you have
practiced riding over and over.
• Apply the same persistence to
learning how to write C++ programs.

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming | 2

 Topic Objectives
• Introduce the use of an integrated
development environment in
programming.

• Understand the basic structure of a

C++ program

• Write a program to output text.“Hello

world”

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 Introduction
• Writing C++ programs is like writing
an essay in English

• How?

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 Program to output a line of text
// Hello World program in C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout << “Hello World";
return 0;
}

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Single line Comments in C++

// my first program in C++

• Single Line Comments begin with //,

indicating that the remainder of each
line is a comment.
• Comments are added to help other
people read and understand your
program
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Multi line Comments in C++

/*This is my first programming language in C++ and I hope to

use it to solve real world problems*/

• Multi-Comments begin with /*, and

end with */
• Multi line Comments are used for
comments containing many lines

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#include <iostream>
• programming is carried out in add-on
style. That is, if something is already
available you can use the same and
develop further.
• There are trillions of programs
already developed by others. Why
should we re-invent the wheel?

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#include <iostream>
• If we plan to use the readily
available programs we have to ask
the compiler to include them.
• Actual code will be available in
machine language found in in built
libraries.

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 #
• Lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are
directives for the preprocessor.
• This essentially means read me before
you compile and do what I say
essentially...
• This line notifies the preprocessor to
include in the program the contents of the
input/output program that is<iostream>.

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 #
• General format for directives to the
pre processor is
• #include <inbuild program you want
to include>
• the < and > are just enclosures for
the compiler to read between and
import accordingly .

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#include <iostream>
• iostream must be included for any
program that outputs data to the
Monitor or inputs data from the
keyboard using C++’s stream
input/output.

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using namespace std;
• A namespace is a declarative region
that provides a scope to the identifiers
(names of the types, function, variables
etc) inside it.
• We are utilizing the standard (std)
namespace which contains the
definition of cin, cout, vector, map..etc
identifiers
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The using directive:
• This directive tells the compiler that
the subsequent code is making use
of names in the specified
namespace.
• In this case the namespace is std

• The std namespace includes C++ I/O

objects/names cout and cin.
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using namespace std;

• The semicolon depicts the end of a

statement
• What is a statement?

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 Statements in C++
A programming statement is the
smallest independent unit in a
program, just like a sentence in the
English language. It performs a piece
of programming action.
A programming statement must be
terminated by a semi-colon (;), just
like an English sentence ends with| a16
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Introduction to Programming
 Statements in C++
Why not ends with a period like an
english sentence? This is because
period crashes with decimal point - it
is hard for the computer to
differentiate between period and
decimal point

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int main ()
• When a program begins running, the
system calls the function main,
which marks the entry point of the
program.

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int main ()
• This line initiates the declaration of a

function. Essentially, a function is a

group of code statements which are

given a name: in this case, this gives the

name "main" to the group of code

statements that follow.

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int main ()
• Functions will be discussed in detail in

a later chapter, but essentially, their

definition is introduced with a

succession of a type (int), a name

(main) and a pair of parentheses (()),

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int main ()
The function named main is a special
function in all C++ programs; it is the
function called when the program is
run. The execution of all C++ programs
begins with the main function
regardless of where the function is
actually located within the code.

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cout
• The standard output stream

• This is a name that belongs to the

namespace std

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 <<
• Referred to as the stream insertion
operator

• The right operand’s characters

normally print exactly as they
appear between the double quotes.

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Out Put of our hello world program

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 Class /Lab Exercise
• Write a program that will output the
following statement

Happy New year 2020

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 Class /Lab Exercise
• Write a program that will output the
following statement

Welcome to the wonderful world of C+

+!!!

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