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Lecture 1-Introduction to Programming

The document provides an introduction to computer programming, explaining its definition, importance, and basic operations. It outlines the role of a programmer and the process involved in programming, including problem-solving and implementation. Additionally, it highlights various applications of programming in today's business world, such as patient management software and payroll systems.

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6 views17 pages

Lecture 1-Introduction to Programming

The document provides an introduction to computer programming, explaining its definition, importance, and basic operations. It outlines the role of a programmer and the process involved in programming, including problem-solving and implementation. Additionally, it highlights various applications of programming in today's business world, such as patient management software and payroll systems.

Uploaded by

luizmtui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

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Objectives
• Explain Computer programming.

• Understand Computer hardware


components and their relevance in
Programming
• Understand the importance and
applications of computer
programming in todays Business
World

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 2


Definitions
What is a computer?

-An electronic device that accepts input data, processes data


under control of stored program/ set of instructions to
produce information.

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 3


Definitions
• Computer Programming is a creative
process where a programmer writes
instructions to a computer with the
aim of solving a problem

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 4


Data and Information
• Data are meaningless raw facts
• Examples of data include transactions,
dates, amounts, quantities, names of
customer etc.
• Information are data that have been
processed into a meaningful usable form
• Information includes tables, documents,
charts, etc. For example asummay of sales
printed in a receipt.
• Goal of computer applications(programs) is
to process data into information

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 5


Definitions
• Computer Programming is a creative
process where a programmer writes
instructions to a computer with the
aim of solving a problem

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 6


Six Basic Computer Operations
1. A computer can receive (input/data)
2. A computer can store data in memory
3. A computer can perform arithmetic
calculations on the data and manipulate
text strings
4. A computer can compare the contents of
memory locations and select one of two/
many alternatives available.
5. A computer can repeat a group of
operations
6. A computer can output information
(processed data)
Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 7
Six Basic Computer Operations

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 8


Functional Organization of a
Computer System

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What is a program?

-A sequence of instructions/
statements written in a programming
language to solve a given problem or
accomplish a given tasks.
-A computer follows the instructions in
a program to do anything.
-A program is loaded into main
memory before execution.

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 10


What is a program?
A program is a very specific set of rules that
tell the computer which switches should
be "ON" or "OFF".
The process of creating a program is called
programming.
The computer only knows what it is told
through programs, so they must be
accurate and very specific.

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 11


What can a program do?
Every computer program typically:

(i)Receives inputs / data from the user


(ii)Processes the inputs received to produce results/
information
-During processing the computer executes/performs
arithmetic and logical operations on the input data.
(iii)Outputs the results

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 12


Who is a programmer?
- A person/ computer scientist who designs and develops/
writes computer programs.
- A programmer is assisted by the following persons/
computer scientists:
• System analyst
• Database developer
• Software engineer
• Clerk

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 13


What does programming involve?
 Deciding if there is a task to be accomplished or problem
to be solved using a computer, e.g., is there a need for a
program i.e. is there a need for computerization?
 Determining the nature of the task or problem, e.g., what
must the program do?
 Developing a plan that will accomplish the task or solve
the problem, e.g., generating the step-by-step process
that the program will follow (algorithm).
 Converting the plan into a computer language program.
Developing/ writing the program.
 Testing the program to ensure it accomplishes task or
solves problem defined earlier.
 Implementing the program to accomplish the task or
solve the problem.
Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 14
Case studies?
 Class Discussion
 Give examples of areas of businesses where
computerization and software/ applications can
be adopted to improve efficiency and
effectiveness of doing business today.
 Note: Your examples should exclude the 2
examples discussed in the lecture i.e.
1. Retail Point of Sale(PoS) programs/
applications
2. Banking applications/ programs

Monday, May 12, 2025 Introduction to Programming for Data Scientists | 15


Case studies?
 Examples of applications of computer programming in
todays Business World

1. Patient management software in hospitals


2. Air ticket booking systems/ applications
3. Student records management application in Universities and
colleges
4. Payroll systems/ applications in organizations
5. In security industry software/ application to capture and store
biometric information.
6. Car parking management applications/ software.
7. In the real estate industry applications to process rent and
bills (water, electricity bills)
8. E-citizen software to process applications of citizens for
government services.
9. Library management and support software .

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Email: [email protected] Website: www.strathmore.edu
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