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Array in C-1

The document provides an overview of arrays, including their definition, types, and usage in programming. It covers array declaration, initialization, looping through arrays, passing arrays to functions, sorting algorithms, and searching techniques. Additionally, it discusses multiple-subscripted arrays and their initialization and referencing methods.

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18 views22 pages

Array in C-1

The document provides an overview of arrays, including their definition, types, and usage in programming. It covers array declaration, initialization, looping through arrays, passing arrays to functions, sorting algorithms, and searching techniques. Additionally, it discusses multiple-subscripted arrays and their initialization and referencing methods.

Uploaded by

jerry482891
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays

Dr Kanta Prasad Sharma


Associate Professor
Amity School of Engineering & Technology
Amity University Uttar Pradesh ,
Greater Noida Campus
Introduction

• Arrays
– Structures of related data items

– Static entity - same size throughout program

• A few types
– C-like, pointer-based arrays

– C++, arrays as objects


Arrays
• Array
– Consecutive group of memory locations
– Same name and type
• To refer to an element, specify
– Array name and position number
• Format: arrayname[ position number ]
– First element at position 0
– n element array c:
c[ 0 ], c[ 1 ]…c[ n - 1 ]
• Array elements are like normal variables
c[ 0 ] = 3;
cout << c[ 0 ];
• Performing operations in subscript. If x = 3,
c[ 5 – 2 ] == c[ 3 ] == c[ x ]
Arrays
Name of array (Note that all elements of this array have the same name, c)

c[0] -45
c[1] 6
c[2] 0
c[3] 72
c[4] 1543
c[5] -89
c[6] 0
c[7] 62
c[8] -3
c[9] 1
c[10] 6453
c[11] 78

Position number of the element within array c


Declaring Arrays
• Declaring arrays - specify:
– Name
– Type of array
– Number of elements
– Examples
int c[ 10 ];
float hi[ 3284 ];
• Declaring multiple arrays of same type
– Similar format as other variables
– Example
int b[ 100 ], x[ 27 ];
Examples Using Arrays

• Initializers
int n[ 5 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
– If not enough initializers, rightmost elements become 0
– If too many initializers, a syntax error is generated
int n[ 5 ] = { 0 }

– Sets all the elements to 0

• If size omitted, the initializers determine it


int n[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

– 5 initializers, therefore n is a 5 element array


Examples Using Arrays
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int kp[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
printf("%d", kp[0]);
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int kp[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
kp[0] = 33;
printf("%d", kp[0]);
return 0;
}
Loop Through an Array

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int kp[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", kp[i]);
}

return 0;
}
Loop Through an Array
#include <stdio.h>
Set Array Size void main()

{
int kp[4];
kp[0] = 25;
kp[1] = 50;
kp[2] = 75;
kp[3] = 100;
printf("%d\n", kp[0]);
}
Loop Through an Array
#include <stdio.h>
Set Array Size void main()

{
int kp[] = {25, 50, 75, 3.15, 5.99};
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", kp[i]);
}
}
Loop Through an Array
#include <stdio.h>
Get Array Size int main()
{
int kp[] = {10, 25, 50, 75, 100};
printf("%lu", sizeof(kp));
return 0;
}
Examples Using Arrays
• Strings
– Arrays of characters
– All strings end with null ('\0')
– Examples:
char string1[] = "hello";
char string1[] = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0’ };
– Subscripting is the same as for a normal array
String1[ 0 ] is 'h'
string1[ 2 ] is 'l'
• Input from keyboard
char string2[ 10 ];
cin >> string2;
– Takes user input
– Side effect: if too much text entered, data written
beyond array
Passing Arrays to Functions
• Specify the name without any brackets
– To pass array myArray declared as
int myArray[ 24 ];
to function myFunction, a function call would resemble
myFunction( myArray, 24 );
– Array size is usually passed to function
• Arrays passed call-by-reference
– Value of name of array is address of the first element
– Function knows where the array is stored
• Modifies original memory locations
• Individual array elements passed by call-by-value
– pass subscripted name (i.e., myArray[ 3 ]) to function
Passing Arrays to Functions

• Function prototype:
void modifyArray( int b[], int arraySize );

– Parameter names optional in prototype


• int b[] could be simply int []

• int arraysize could be simply int


Sorting Arrays
• Sorting data
– Important computing application
– Virtually every organization must sort some data
• Massive amounts must be sorted
• Bubble sort (sinking sort)
– Several passes through the array
– Successive pairs of elements are compared
• If increasing order (or identical), no change
• If decreasing order, elements exchanged
– Repeat these steps for every element
Sorting Arrays
• Example:
– Original: 3 4 2 6 7
– Pass 1: 3 2 4 6 7
– Pass 2: 2 3 4 6 7
– Small elements "bubble" to the top
Computing Mean, Median and
Mode Using Arrays
• Mean
– Average
• Median
– Number in middle of sorted list
– 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (3 is median)
• Mode
– Number that occurs most often
– 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 (1 is mode)
Searching Arrays: Linear Search and Binary
Search
• Search array for a key value
• Linear search
– Compare each element of array with key value
– Useful for small and unsorted arrays
• Binary search
– Can only be used on sorted arrays
– Compares middle element with key
• If equal, match found
• If key < middle, repeat search through the first half of the array
n the last half of the array
• If key > middle, repeat search through
– Very fast; at most n steps, where 2^n > # of elements
• 305element array takes at most 5 steps
– 2 > 30
Multiple-Subscripted Arrays
• Multiple subscripts - tables with rows, columns
– Like matrices: specify row, then column.
Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Row 0 a[ 0 ][ 0 ] a[ 0 ][ 1 ] a[ 0 ][ 2 ] a[ 0 ][ 3 ]
Row 1 a[ 1 ][ 0 ] a[ 1 ][ 1 ] a[ 1 ][ 2 ] a[ 1 ][ 3 ]
Row 2 a[ 2 ][ 0 ] a[ 2 ][ 1 ] a[ 2 ][ 2 ] a[ 2 ][ 3 ]

Column subscript

Array name
Row subscript

• Initialize 1 2
3 4
int b[ 2 ][ 2 ] = { {1, 2}, {3, 4}};

1 0
– Initializers grouped by row in braces
3 4
int b[ 2 ][ 2 ] = { { 1 }, { 3, 4 } };
Multiple-Subscripted Arrays

• Referenced like normal


cout << b[ 0 ][ 1 ];
– Will output the value of 0
– Cannot reference with commas
cout << b( 0, 1 );
• Will try to call function b, causing a syntax error

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