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Computer Programming 1 CPP - Week3

The document discusses fundamental data types in programming, specifically focusing on numeric types, character types, and their classifications in C++. It explains the differences between integral types (like integers and booleans) and floating-point types (like float and double), along with examples of how to use them in C++. Additionally, it includes lab exercises for practical application of the concepts learned.

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12 views16 pages

Computer Programming 1 CPP - Week3

The document discusses fundamental data types in programming, specifically focusing on numeric types, character types, and their classifications in C++. It explains the differences between integral types (like integers and booleans) and floating-point types (like float and double), along with examples of how to use them in C++. Additionally, it includes lab exercises for practical application of the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

ymtskits
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 3 - FUNDAMENTAL DATA TYPES

Department of Computer Science -


Federal University Dutse
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

 NUMERIC
 CHARACTERS
 Numeric can further be classified into two broad
categories based on whether they can have only
integer values or also fractional part in addition to
the integer part.

 Numbers that can not have any fractional part are


called an integer. Number that can have fractional
part are called floating – point numbers.
 Integers are used for counting discrete values.

 On the other hand, floating point numbers are


used approximately measure something.

 This distinct between integers and floating


point numbers is significant from the
perspective of representing such numbers
inside computers.
 Two kinds of numeric types are common to
all programming languages:

 Integral Types and


 Floating – Point Types.
 The term “floating – point” refers to the
scientific notation that is used for rational
numbers.
 Standard C++ has 14 different fundamental
types: 11 integral types and 3 floating point
types.
The Integral Type
 Boolean type: bool
 Enumeration type: enum

 The three character types


 Char
 Unsigned
 Wchar_t

 The six explicit integer types


 Short
 Int
 Long
 Unsigned short
 Unsigned int
 Unsigned long
The Floating – Point Types
 float
 double
 long double

 The most frequently used fundamental types


are bool, char, int, and double.
The Boolean Type
 The Boolean type is an integral type whose
variables can have only one of the two
values: false or true.

 The values are stored as the integer 0 and 1


respectively.
Example
#include<iostream>
int main(){
bool signal= false;
cout<< “signal=” <<signal<<endl;
signal= true;
cout<< “signal=” <<signal<<endl;
}
Enumeration Types
 In addition to the predefined types such int and
char, C++ allows you to define your own special
data types.

 This can be done in several ways. The most


powerful of which use classes

 we consider here much simpler kind of user –


define type an enumeration type is an integral
type that is defined by the user with the syntax:
enum typename {enumeration – list}
 Here enum, is a C++ keyword

 typename stands for an identifier that


names the type being defined

 and enumerator – list stands for a list of


names for integer constants.
 Example:
enum semester{first, second, summer};
The Character Type
 The character type is an integral type whose
variables represent characters like the letter ‘A’ or
the digit ‘8’.

 Character literals are delimited by the apostrophe


(‘).
Example:

#include<iostream>
int main(){
char c = ‘A’;
cout<<”c =”<<c<< “, int(c) =”<<int(c)<<endl;
c = ‘t’;
cout<< “c =”<<c<< “, int(c) =”<<int(c)<<endl;
c = ‘!’;
cout<< “c=”<< “, int(c) =”<<int(c)<<endl;
}
 Since character values are used for input and
output, they appear in their character form
instead of their integral form:

 the character ‘A’ is printed as the letter “A”, not


as the 65 which is its internal representation.

 The type cast operator int(c) is used here to


reveal the corresponding integral value. These
are the character’s ASCII codes.
FLOATING – POINT TYPES
 C++ supports three real numbers types:
 float, double, and long double on the most systems

 double uses twice as many bytes as float

 typically, float uses 4 bytes, double uses 8 bytes, and


long double uses 8, 10, 12, or 16 bytes.

 Types that use for real numbers are called “floating –


point” types because of the way they are stored
internally in the computer.
123.45 = 1111011.01110011 x 2^7
Lab Exercises
1. Write a program that store the detail of your bank
account. Declare Name of the bank, Account Name,
Account Type, Account Number and Current Balance as
your variables, assign values and display them on the
screen.

2. Modify the program in 1.) Above to receive


keyboard input.

End of Week 3

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