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Shift Micro-Operations: Registers Computer Organisation and Architecture

Shift micro-operations facilitate the serial transfer of information within registers, allowing contents to be shifted left or right. There are three main types of shifts: logical, arithmetic, and circular, each with specific behaviors regarding how bits are moved and how empty positions are filled. The document outlines the operations and RTL notations for each type of shift, highlighting their applications in data processing.

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Abhay Damalu
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11 views10 pages

Shift Micro-Operations: Registers Computer Organisation and Architecture

Shift micro-operations facilitate the serial transfer of information within registers, allowing contents to be shifted left or right. There are three main types of shifts: logical, arithmetic, and circular, each with specific behaviors regarding how bits are moved and how empty positions are filled. The document outlines the operations and RTL notations for each type of shift, highlighting their applications in data processing.

Uploaded by

Abhay Damalu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHIFT MICRO-

OPERATIONS
REGISTERS
Computer Organisation and Architecture
INTRODUCTION
 Shift micro-operations are
those micro-operations
that are used for the serial
transfer of information.
 These are also used in
conjunction with arithmetic
micro-operation, logic
micro-operation, and other
data-processing
operations.
 The contents of a register
can be shifted to the left or
the right.
 In shift-left operation, the
serial input transfers a bit
into the rightmost position.
 In shift-right operation, the
serial input transfers a bit
into the leftmost position.
TYPES OF SHIFT MICRO-
OPERATIONS
LOGICAL SHIFT
 It transfers the 0 zero through the serial input.

LOGICAL
RIGHT SHIFT

LOGICAL
 We use the symbols
LEFT SHIFT

‘<<‘ for the logical left shift


‘>>‘ for the logical right shift.

RTL Notation :
R ← shl R
R ← shr R
LOGICAL SHIFT
 Logical Left Shift  Logical Right Shift
 In this shift, one position moves  In this shift, one position moves
each bit to the left one by one. each bit to the right one by one.
 The Empty least significant bit (LSB)  The least significant bit(LSB) is
is filled with zero (i.e, the serial rejected and the empty MSB is
input), and the most significant bit filled with zero.
(MSB) is rejected.  Every time we shift a number
 Every time we shift a number towards the right by 1 bit it divides
towards the left by 1 bit it multiplies that number by 2.
that number by 2.
ARITHMETIC SHIFT
 The arithmetic shift micro-operation moves the signed binary number
either to the left or to the right position.
 Following are the two ways to perform the arithmetic shift.

Arithmetic Left Shift


 Arithmetic Right Shift

RTL Notation :
 R ← ashl R
 R ← ashr R
ARITHMETIC SHIFT
Left Arithmetic Shift Right Arithmetic Shift
 In this shift, each bit is moved to  In this shift, each bit is moved to
the left one by one. the right one by one and the least
 The empty least significant bit significant(LSB) bit is rejected.
(LSB) is filled with zero and the  The empty most significant
most significant bit (MSB) is bit(MSB) is filled with the value of
rejected. Same as the Left Logical the previous MSB.
Shift.
CIRCULAR SHIFT
The circular shift circulates the bits in the sequence of the register around
both ends without any loss of information.
Following are the two ways to perform the circular shift.
Circular Shift Left
 Circular Shift Right

RTL Notation :
R ← cil R
R ← cir R
CIRCULAR SHIFT
Left Circular Shift Right Circular Shift
 In this micro shift operation each  In this micro shift operation each
bit in the register is shifted to the bit in the register is shifted to the
left one by one. right one by one.
 After shifting, the LSB becomes  After shifting, the MSB becomes
empty, so the value of the MSB is empty, so the value of the LSB is
filled in there. filled in there.
HARDWARE
IMPLEMENTATION

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