Module - 1

Introduction to IOT and

Cloud Computing

Presidency University, Bengaluru

Contents

Slide 1-2
Introduction to IOT

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 Basic Definitions
• IoT stands for Internet of Things.

• It refers to the interconnectedness of Physical Devices,

Devices such as appliances and
vehicles,
vehicles that are embedded with Software, Sensors, and Connectivity which
enables these objects to connect and exchange data.
data

• This technology allows for the collection and sharing of data from a vast
network of devices, creating opportunities for more efficient and automated
systems.

• The Internet of Things describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and
other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over
the Internet or other communications networks.

• The Internet of things encompasses electronics, communication and computer science

engineering.
engineering

Slide 1-4
• IOT is a system of interrelated things, computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines, objects, animals, or people that are provided
with unique identifiers.

• In the upcoming years, IoT-based technology will offer advanced levels

of services and practically change the way people lead their daily
lives.

• Advancements in medicine, power, agriculture, smart cities, and smart

homes are just a few of the categorical examples where IoT is strongly
established.

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History of IOT
• 1982- Vending machine
• 1990-Toaster
• 1999-IOT(Kevin Ashton)
• 2000-LG Smart Fridge
• 2004-Smart Watch
• 2007-Smart i phone
• 2009-Car Testing
• 2011-Smart TV
• 2013-Google Lens
• 2014-Echo
• 2015-Tesla autopilot

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Four Key Components of IOT

• Device or Sensor
• Connectivity
• Data processing
• Interface

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Characteristics of IoT
• Intelligence
• Connectivity
• Dynamic Nature
• Architecture
• Sensing
• Heterogeneity
• Security

What is a heterogeneous device?

This is a network where the devices are made by different manufacturers, or the
computers run different operating systems. Two common examples of
Heterogeneous Networks are the Internet, and the cell phone networks, both of
which, you're likely familiar with.

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Benefits of IoT
IoT offers a number of benefits to organizations, enabling them to:

1.Monitor their overall business processes;

2.Improve the customer experience;
3.Save time and money;
4.Enhance employee productivity;
5.Integrate and adapt business models;
6.Make better business decisions; and
7.Generate more revenue.

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List of Commonly used Sensors
in the Internet of Things (IoT)
Devices
1. Temperature Sensor

2. Pressure Sensor

3. Proximity Sensor

4. Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensor

5. IR Sensor

6. Optical Sensor

7. Gas Sensor

8. Smoke Sensor

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Different types of Sensors
• Temperature Sensors - A temperature sensor is a device that detects
and measures hotness and coolness and converts it into an electrical signal.

• Image Sensors - An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys
information used to form an image.

• Gyro Sensors - also known as angular velocity sensors, can detect changes in
rotation angle per unit of time.

• Obstacle Sensors - An obstacle detection system uses ultrasonic sensors

mounted on the front and/or rear bumpers.

• RF Sensor - Radio frequency sensors are devices that are wired to meters and
display power measurements.

• IR (Infrared) Sensor - IR sensors are now widely used in motion detectors,

which are used in building services to switch on lamps or in alarm systems to detect
unwelcome guests.

• LDR Sensor - Light Dependent Resistor - An LDR is a resistor whose resistance

changes as the amount of light falling on it changes.

• Ultrasonic Distance Sensor - As the name indicates, ultrasonic / level

sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves.

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Devices

Year 

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTHK6SRMLoo
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 IOT Architecture and protocols
• The architecture of IoT depends upon its functionality and
implementation in different sectors. Still, there is a basic
process flow based on which IoT is built.

•RPL. RPL is a routing protocol for low-power and lossy

networks.
•CORPL. CORPL or cognitive RPL is an extension of the RPL
protocol.
•CARP.
CARP CARP (Channel-Aware Routing Protocol) is a
distributed routing protocol. It is designed for underwater
communication.
•6LoWPAN. IPv6 Low Power Personal Area Network - it is mainly
used for home and building automation. The 6LoWPAN protocol
operates only within the 2.4 GHz frequency range with 250 kbps
Fig: 4 Stage IoT architecture
transfer rate.

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4 Stages of IOT Architecture

An actuator is a device that converts energy

into motion.

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 IoT - Platform
• An IoT Platform fills the gap between the Devices (sensors) and
Application (network).

• As in IoT, all the IoT devices are connected to other IoT devices
and Application to transmit and receive information using
protocols. There is a gap between the IoT device and IoT

application.

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IOT Platforms

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• Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT platform: Amazon Web
Service IoT platform offers a set of services that connect to several
devices and maintain the security as well. This platform collects
data from connected devices and performs real-time actions.

• Microsoft Azure IoT platform: Microsoft Azure IoT platform

offers strong security mechanism,
mechanism scalability and easy integration
with systems. It uses standard protocols that support bi-directional
communication between connected devices and platform. Azure
IoT platform has an Azure Stream Analytics that processes a
large amount of information in real-time generated by sensors.

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• Google Cloud Platform IoT: Google Cloud Platform is a global
cloud platform that provides a solution for IoT devices and
applications. It handles a large amount of data using Cloud IoT Core
by connecting various devices.
devices It allows to apply BigQuery analysis or
to apply Machine learning on this data.
Some of the features provided by Google Cloud IoT Platform are:
• Cloud IoT Core
• Speed up IoT devices
• Cloud publisher-subscriber
• Cloud Machine Learning Engine

• IBM Watson IoT platform: The IBM Watson IoT platform enables
the developer to deploy the application and building IoT solutions
quickly. This platform provides the following Services as;
• Real-time data exchange, Device management, Secure Communication,
Data sensor and weather data services

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• Artik Cloud IoT platform: Artik cloud IoT platform is
developed by Samsung to enable devices to connect to
cloud services.
services

• It has a set of services that continuously connect devices

to the cloud and start gathering data.
data It stores the incoming
data from connected devices and combines this information.

• This platform contains a set of connectors that connect to

third-party services.

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Real-Time examples of IoT

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IoT Components

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 IOT Communication

Zigbee is a standards-
based wireless technology
developed to enable low-
cost, low-power wireless
machine-to-machine (M2M)
and internet of things (IoT)
networks.

Radio-frequency
identification uses
electromagnetic fields to
automatically identify and track
Long Range Wide Area tags attached to objects. An RFID
system consists of a tiny radio
Network transponder, a radio receiver and
transmitter.
Message Queuing Telemetry
wireless networks to
Transport
connect low-power
objects such as Z-Wave is a wireless It is designed for connections with
electricity meters communications protocol used remote locations that have devices
and smartwatches, primarily for residential and with resource constraints or limited
network bandwidth, such as in the
commercial building
Internet of Things.
automation.

Ethernet is a family of wired computer

networking technologies commonly used
in local area networks, metropolitan area
Near-field communication is a networks and wide area networks.
set of communication protocols that
enables communication between
two electronic devices over a
distance of 4 cm or less.

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IoT Communication
• IoT is the connection of devices over the internet,
internet where
these smart devices communicate with each other , exchange
data , perform some tasks without any human involvement.

• These devices are embedded with electronics, software,

network and sensors which help in communication.

• Communication between smart devices is very important in

IOT as it enables these devices to gather, exchange data
which contribute in success of that IOT product/project.

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Types of Communications in IOT:

The following are some communication types in IoT:-

1.Human To Machine (H2M)

2.Machine To Machine (M2M)

3.Machine To Human (M2H)

4.Human To Human (H2H)

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Alexa

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1.Common examples
include ATM, smart home meters,
meters
vehicle telemetry services, asset
tracking, wearable technologies,
and automated supply chain
management (SCM),
Telemedicine.
Telemedicine

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Examples

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Assignments

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Introduction to Cloud Computing

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Cloud
• "The cloud" refers to servers that are
accessed over the Internet,
Internet and the software
and databases that run on those servers.
• Cloud Servers are located in data centers all
over the world.
• Cloud storage providers like Dropbox or
Google Drive or One drive.

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 What is Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources,
resources
especially data storage and computing power,
power without direct active
management by the user. Large clouds often have functions distributed over
multiple locations, each of which is a data center.

• Cloud Computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet,

including Data storage, Servers, Databases, Networking, and Software.
Software

• Cloud storage has grown increasingly popular among individuals who needs
larger storage space and for businesses seeking an efficient off-site data back-
up solution.

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 What Is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on
remote servers that are hosted on the internet instead of the computer’s hard
drive or local server.
• Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet-based computing,
computing it is a
technology where the resource is provided as a service through the Internet to
the user. The data that is stored can be files, images, documents, or any other
storable document.

The following are some of the Operations that can be performed with Cloud
Computing:

• Storage, backup, and recovery of data

• Delivery of software on demand
• Development of new applications and services
• Streaming Videos and Audio

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 What are Cloud Services?
• The Resources available in the Cloud are known as
“Services," since they are actively managed by a
Cloud Provider.
Provider

• Cloud Services include Infrastructure, Applications,

Development Tools, and Data Storage among other
products.
• These services are sorted into several different
categories, or service models.

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Types of Cloud Computing:

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• Advantages of SaaS
1. Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
2. Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without needing to
download and install any software. This reduces the time spent in installation and configuration and
can reduce the issues that can get in the way of the software deployment.
3. Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
4. Automatic Updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a SaaS provider to
automatically perform the updates.
5. Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-demand.
• Disadvantages of Saas
1. Limited Customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable as on-premises software,
meaning that users may have to work within the constraints of the SaaS provider’s platform and may
not be able to tailor the software to their specific needs.
2. Dependence on Internet Connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically cloud-based, which means
that they require a stable internet connection to function properly. This can be problematic for users
in areas with poor connectivity or for those who need to access the software in offline environments.
3. Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintaining the security of the data stored
on their servers, but there is still a risk of data breaches or other security incidents.
4. Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s data, which can be a
concern for organizations that need to maintain strict control over their data for regulatory or other
reasons.

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• Advantages of PaaS
1. Simple and Convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure and other IT
services, which users can access anywhere via a web browser.
2. Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus eliminating the
expenses one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
3. Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the complete web
application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing, and updating.
4. Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus, the overall
development of the application can be more effective.

• Disadvantages of Paas
1. Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users
have less control over the environment and may not be able to make certain
customizations.
2. Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS provider for the
availability, scalability, and reliability of the platform, which can be a risk if the provider
experiences outages or other issues.
3. Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types of
workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain organizations.

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• Advantages of IaaS
1. Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS customers
pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
2. Website Hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web
hosting.
3. Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing software.
4. Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the introduction
of new releases of the development or underlying software. This is all handled by the IaaS
Cloud Provider.

• Disadvantages of laaS
1. Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users
have less control over the environment and may not be able to make certain
customizations.
2. Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and applications,
which can be a significant undertaking.
3. Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain regions and countries
due to legal policies.

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Characteristics of Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing Challenges
• Cloud computing, an emergent technology, has placed
many challenges in different aspects of data and
information handling.
• Some of these are shown in the following diagram:

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Thin clients rely on a network connection for computing and don't do much processing on the
hardware itself.
Thick clients don't need the constant network connection and can do much of the processing
for client/server applications.

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 What is Distributed Cloud Computing?
• Distributed cloud computing is the distribution of public
cloud services across multiple Geographic locations.

• In distributed clouds, the operations and governance—as

well as updates—continue to remain under the purview of the
primary public cloud provider.

• Ex: Intelligent Transport

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 How Does Distributed Cloud Computing
Work?
• In distributed cloud computing, all the computing power of a cloud provider is
distributed wherever a customer needs it: on-premises in data centers or Private
clouds or off-premises in Public cloud data centers.

• Distributed cloud computing extends the provider's centralized cloud with

geographically distributed micro-clouds. The provider controls all distributed
infrastructure centrally, including Operations, Updates, Governance, Security, and
Reliability.
Reliability Everything is accessible as a single cloud and managed from a single
control plane.

• Distributed cloud computing offers, extra features as well. Users can request that
certain data remain within specific regions or that they meet a specific latency or
throughput target. These features are included in Service Level Agreements (SLA)
between the User and the Cloud Provider.

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 Virtualization
• Virtualization is technology, that you can use to create virtual
representations of Servers, Storage, Networks, and Other Physical
Machines.
Machines

• Virtual software mimics/simulator the functions of physical Hardware

to run multiple virtual machines simultaneously on a single physical
machine.
machine

• Virtualization technologies provide a virtual environment for not only

executing applications but also for storage, memory, and
networking.

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 Building Cloud Computing Environments

Computing environments refer to the technology infrastructure and software platforms that are
used to develop, test, deploy, and run software applications.

There are several Types of Computing Environments, including:

1.Mainframe:
Mainframe A large and powerful computer system used for critical applications and large-
scale data processing.
2.Client-Server: A computing environment in which client devices access resources and
services from a central server.
3.Cloud Computing: A computing environment in which resources and services are provided
over the Internet and accessed through a web browser or client software.
4.Mobile Computing: A computing environment in which users access information and
applications using handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets.
5.Grid Computing: A computing environment in which resources and services are shared
across multiple computers to perform large-scale computations.
6.Embedded Systems: A computing environment in which software is integrated into devices
and products, often with limited processing power and memory.

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 What is a Cloud-based
Application?
• An online application that saves data, permits remote access and
administration, and runs at least some of its code on a distant server is an
example of a "cloud-based application." Remember that the web browser on
a desktop computer or mobile device serves as the standard user interface
for cloud apps.

• An API makes reaching the data kept on the remote computer easier. (API).
The primary process is not impacted by a user's device, which only acts as
an entry device in the cloud program.

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Cloud Computing Infrastructure

• Why Cloud Computing Infrastructure :

• Cloud computing refers to providing on demand services to the

customer anywhere and anytime irrespective of everything where
the cloud infrastructure represents the one who activates the
complete cloud computing system.

• Cloud infrastructure has more capabilities of providing the same

services as the physical infrastructure to the customers. It is
available for private cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud
systems with low cost, greater flexibility and scalability.

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Components of cloud infrastructure

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What is cloud system developer?

• A professional Cloud Developer is one who

builds computer applications and software.
• Cloud professionals can use the same software
and tools to build these, just like the other IT
developers. However, the resources that are
used by these professionals are taken from a
cloud-based platform.

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 Cloud Computing Platforms and
Technologies

• Cloud computing applications develops by leveraging platforms and

frameworks.

• Various types of services are provided from the bare metal infrastructure
to customize-able applications serving specific purposes.

• Amazon Web Services (AWS)

• Google AppEngine

• Microsoft Azure

• Hadoop

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• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
AWS provides different wide-ranging clouds IaaS services, which ranges from
virtual compute, storage, and networking to complete computing stacks.
AWS is well known for its storage and compute on demand services, named
as Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3).

• Google AppEngine –
Google AppEngine is a scalable runtime environment frequently dedicated to
executing web applications. These utilize benefits of the large computing
infrastructure of Google to dynamically scale as per the demand. AppEngine
offers both a secure execution environment and a collection of which
simplifies the development if scalable and high-performance Web
applications.

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• Microsoft Azure –

Microsoft Azure is a Cloud operating system and a platform in which user can develop the
applications in the cloud. Generally, a scalable runtime environment for web applications
and distributed applications is provided. Application in Azure are organized around the fact
of roles, which identify a distribution unit for applications and express the application’s
logic. Azure provides a set of additional services that complement application execution
such as support for storage, networking, caching, content delivery, and others.

• Hadoop –
Apache Hadoop is an open source framework that is appropriate for processing large data
sets on commodity hardware. Hadoop is an implementation of MapReduce, an application
programming model which is developed by Google. This model provides two fundamental
operations for data processing: map and reduce. This cloud infrastructure supports many
business processes of the corporates.

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Thank YOU

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