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Lab 02 DSIP

The document provides an overview of discrete-time signals, including their definition, the sampling theorem, and the concept of aliasing. It includes examples of generating and plotting discrete-time signals such as sinusoidal, unit impulse, unit step, and ramp sequences using MATLAB code. Additionally, it outlines specific tasks for generating various discrete-time sequences.

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11 views26 pages

Lab 02 DSIP

The document provides an overview of discrete-time signals, including their definition, the sampling theorem, and the concept of aliasing. It includes examples of generating and plotting discrete-time signals such as sinusoidal, unit impulse, unit step, and ramp sequences using MATLAB code. Additionally, it outlines specific tasks for generating various discrete-time sequences.

Uploaded by

Afeera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TO GENERATE AND

PLOT DISCRETE TIME


(DT) SIGNALS
LAB # 2
DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

• A discrete signal or discrete-time signal is a time series consisting of a


sequence of quantities.
• Unlike a continuous-time signal, a discrete-time signal is not a function
of a continuous argument; however, it may have been obtained by
sampling from a continuous-time signal.
• A function of discrete time instants is defined by integer “n”.
DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL
SAMPLING THEOREM

• The sampling theorem specifies the minimum sampling rate at which a


continuous time signal needs to be uniformly sampled so that the
original signal can be completely recovered or reconstructed by these
samples alone.
• This is usually referred to as Shannon’s sampling theorem.
• Sampling theorem establishes conditions that prevent aliasing so that a
continuous-time signal can be uniquely reconstructed from its samples.
SAMPLING THEOREM
ALIASING

• Aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become


indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled.
EXAMPLE: 01

•t = [0:0.01:2];
•x = sin(2*pi*t);
•plot(t,x);
•xlabel('t [sec]');
•ylabel('x(t)')
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

OUTPUT
x(t)

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
t [sec]
• Make its discrete form
f=1;

fs=20;

Ts=1/fs;

t=-2:Ts:2;

x=sin(2*pi*f*t);

stem(t,x)
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

OUTPUT
0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
f=1;
fs=20;
Ts=1/fs;
t=-2:Ts:2;
x=sin(2*pi*f*t);
stem(t,x);
x=sin(2*pi*f*n*Ts);
stem(n,x)
1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

OUTPUT 0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
EXAMPL-02: GENERATION OF A SINUSOIDAL SEQUENCE
A = 2;
ph=pi/2;
f=1;
fs=20;
Ts=1/fs;
t=-2:Ts:2;
x=sin(1*pi*f*t);
stem(t,x);
x=A*sin(1*pi*f*n*Ts-ph);
stem(n,x)
2

1.5

0.5

OUTPUT 0

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
SOME ELEMENTARY
DISCRETE-TIME
SIGNALS

UNIT SAMPLE / UNIT


IMPULSE:
EXAMPLE-03: UNIT IMPULSE

n=-20:1:20; 1

0.9
x=n==0; 0.8

stem(n,x) 0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
DELAYED IMPULSE DELAYED Unit Sample Sequence
1.2

n=-20:1:20;
x=(n-2)==0; 0.8

Amplitude
stem(n,x); 0.6

xlabel('Time index n');


0.4
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('DELAYED Unit 0.2

Sample Sequence'); 0
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
axis([-10 20 0 1.2]) Time index n
EXAMPLE-04: GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SIGNAL

Unit Step:
Unit Step Sequence
1.2

1
n=-20:1:20;
x=n>=0; 0.8

Amplitude
stem(n,x); 0.6

xlabel('Time index n');


0.4
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Unit Step 0.2

Sequence’);
0
axis([-10 20 0 1.2]) -10 -5 0 5
Time index n
10 15 20
EXAMPLE-05: GENERATION OF RAMP SIGNAL

Unit Ramp:
ramp Sequence
20

18

n=-20:1:20; 16

14
x=n.*(n>=0);
12

Amplitude
stem(n,x); 10

xlabel('Time index n'); 8

ylabel('Amplitude'); 6

4
title('ramp Sequence’);
2
axis([-10 20 0 20]) 0
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Time index n
TASK#01

Generate a unit step sequence x[n] with an


advance of 7 samples.
TASK#02

Generate the sinusoidal sequence of length 50,


frequency 0.08, amplitude 2.5, and phase shift
of 90 degrees.
TASK#03

Generate a ramp sequence with an delay of 5 samples.

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