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Collections in Java

The Java Collections Framework (JCF) is a unified architecture for storing, retrieving, and manipulating groups of objects, providing benefits like reduced programming effort and increased performance. It consists of interfaces, classes, and algorithms, with key components including List, Set, Queue, and Map. The framework offers various collection types suited for different use cases, promoting code reusability, type safety, and efficiency.

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6 views8 pages

Collections in Java

The Java Collections Framework (JCF) is a unified architecture for storing, retrieving, and manipulating groups of objects, providing benefits like reduced programming effort and increased performance. It consists of interfaces, classes, and algorithms, with key components including List, Set, Queue, and Map. The framework offers various collection types suited for different use cases, promoting code reusability, type safety, and efficiency.

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pabitraconnect.12
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Collections in Java

Understanding Java Collections Framework


 Introduction
 Collections in Java are used to store, retrieve, and manipulate groups of objects.

 The Java Collections Framework (JCF) provides a unified architecture for working with collections.

 Key benefits:

 Reduces programming effort

 Increases performance

 Promotes code reusability


 What is the Collections Framework?
 A set of interfaces, classes, and algorithms to handle groups of objects.

 Part of java.util package.

 Key components:

 Interfaces (e.g., List, Set, Queue, Map)

 Classes (e.g., ArrayList, HashSet, LinkedList, HashMap)

 Algorithms (e.g., sorting, searching)


 Hierarchy of Collections Framework

• Collection Interface (Root interface)

• List (Ordered, allows duplicates)

• ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector

• Set (No duplicates)

• HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet

• Queue (FIFO order)


 Collections vs. Arrays
 Common Collection Methods

• add() / addAll() → Add elements


• remove() / removeAll() → Delete elements
• size() → Get collection size
• contains() → Check if element exists
• iterator() → Traverse elements
• sort() → Sort elements (using Collections.sort())

Example:

List<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(5, 3, 8));


Collections.sort(numbers); // [3, 5, 8]
 When to Use Which Collection?

• ArrayList → Frequent access, less insertion/deletion.

• LinkedList → Frequent insertions/deletions.

• HashSet → Unique elements, no order needed.

• TreeSet → Unique elements, sorted order.

• HashMap → Fast key-value pairs.

• TreeMap → Sorted key-value pairs.


 Advantages of Collections

1. Reusability → Ready-made data structures.

2. Type Safety → Generics prevent runtime errors.

3. Efficiency → Optimized algorithms.

4. Interoperability → Standardized methods.

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