Number Systems Conversions

in Computer

Dr Anita Choudhary
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
[email protected] 05/11/202
5
1
Table of
Content

Number Systems
Common Number
Systems
Conversion Among
Bases
05/11/2025 2
 Conversion among Bases

Divide by 8
Decimal Multiply each bit by t Octal
Di 8n al en
Multiply each bit
Mu v id
e qu iv
by ltip by t e i onin

3-bit equivalent
16 n ly e 16 i t

4-bit equivalent
-b ry nta its ting
Divide by 2

representation

representation
ac 3 a e b r
hb bin presoup , sta
it re Gr e e s t
r h
th rig

binary
on

binary
by 2n

Group bits in four, starting

Binary on right Hexadecimal
4-bit equivalent binary
representation

Note: n is the “weight” of the bit

The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right 05/11/2025 3
 Decimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

05/11/2025 4
 Decimal to Octal

• Technique
• Divide by 8
• Keep track of the remainder

05/11/2025 5
 Example
123410 = ?8

8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2

123410 = 23228

05/11/2025 6
 Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

05/11/2025 7
 Decimal to Hexadecimal

• Technique
• Divide by 16
• Keep track of the remainder

05/11/2025 8
 Example
123410 = ?16

16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4

123410 = 4D216

05/11/2025 9
 Binary to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

05/11/2025 10
 Binary to Octal

• Technique
• Group bits in threes, starting on right
• Convert to octal digits

05/11/2025 11
 Example

10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
05/11/2025 12
 Binary to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

05/11/2025 13
 Binary to Hexadecimal

• Technique
• Group bits in fours, starting on right
• Convert to hexadecimal digits

05/11/2025 14
 Example

10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
05/11/2025 15
 Octal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

05/11/2025 16
 Octal to Hexadecimal

• Technique
• Use binary as an intermediary

05/11/2025 17
 Example
10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

10768 = 23E16
05/11/2025 18
 Hexadecimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal

05/11/2025 19
 Hexadecimal to Octal

• Technique
• Use binary as an intermediary

05/11/2025 20
 Example
1F0C16 = ?8
1 F 0 C

0001 1111 0000 1100

1 7 4 1 4

1F0C16 = 174148

05/11/2025 21
 Example
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33
1110101
703
1AF

05/11/2025 22
 Common Powers (1 of 2)

• Base 10
Power Preface Symbol Value
10-12 pico p .000000000001
10-9 nano n .000000001
10-6 micro  .000001
10-3 milli m .001
103 kilo k 1000
106 mega M 1000000
109 giga G 1000000000
1012 tera T 1000000000000
05/11/2025 23
 Common Powers (2 of 2)

• Base 2
Power Preface Symbol Value
210 kilo k 1024
220 mega M 1048576
230 Giga G 1073741824

• What is the value of “k”, “M”, and “G”?

• In computing, particularly w.r.t. memory, the base-2
interpretation generally applies.
05/11/2025 24
Thank you

05/11/2025 25