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Unit1ppt2 1

Raster scan displays are the most common type of graphics monitor, utilizing CRT technology to create images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen. A refresh buffer stores pixel intensity values, which are read by the video controller to produce the displayed image through a process called refreshing. Modern computers use dedicated circuitry for efficient refresh procedures, allowing for a wide range of colors and detailed images constructed from pixels.

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13 views20 pages

Unit1ppt2 1

Raster scan displays are the most common type of graphics monitor, utilizing CRT technology to create images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen. A refresh buffer stores pixel intensity values, which are read by the video controller to produce the displayed image through a process called refreshing. Modern computers use dedicated circuitry for efficient refresh procedures, allowing for a wide range of colors and detailed images constructed from pixels.

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oceanchaudhary2004
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Q7

Unit 1
Raster scan
• Raster Scan Displays are most common type of
graphics monitor which employs CRT.
• It is based on television technology. In raster
scan system electron beam sweeps across the
screen, from top to bottom covering one row
at a time.
• A pattern of illuminated pattern of spots is
created by turning beam intensity on and off
as it moves across each row.
• A memory area called refresh buffer or frame
buffer stores picture definition.
• This memory area holds intensity values for all
screen points. Stored intensity values are
restored from frame buffer and painted on
screen taking one row at a time.
• Each screen point is referred to as pixels.
THE BASIC WORKING WITH
EXAMPLE
• As shown in the figure the display image is stored in the form of 0s and 1s in
the refresh buffer.
• The video controller reads this refresh buffer and produces the actual image
on screen.

• It does this by scanning one scan line at a time, from top to bottom and then
back to the top.

• This scanning process is called refreshing.

• Each complete scanning of a screen is normally called a frame.

• Raster scan is most common method of displaying images on the CRT screen.
• Raster-Scan Display controller:
• An important function of display process is to
convert a picture definition given in an
application program into a set of pixel-
intensity values for storage in refresh buffer.
• This process is referred to as scan conversion.
• The purpose of display processors is to relieve
the CPU from graphics jobs.
The picture on the top
left corner is a raster
image.
When enlarged,
individual pixels
appear as squares.
Enlarging in further,
they can be analyzed,
with their colors
constructed by
combining the values
for red, green and
blue.
Q8
• Most modern computers have raster displays,
where each on-screen pixel directly corresponds
to a small number of bits in memory.
• The screen is refreshed simply by scanning
through pixels and coloring them according to
each set of bits.
• The refresh procedure, being speed critical, is
often implemented by dedicated circuitry, often
as a part of a graphics processing unit.
• Using this approach, the computer contains an
area of memory that holds all the data that are
to be displayed.
• The central processor writes data into this region
of memory and the video controller collects
them from there.
• The bits of data stored in this block of memory
are related to the eventual pattern of pixels that
will be used to construct an image on the display.
• Total shades=256x256x256=16777216 shades
EXAMPLE OF RASTER IMAGES
• A digital image is made up of
rows and columns of pixels.
• A pixel in such an image can be
specified by saying which
column and which row contains
it.
• In terms of coordinates, a pixel
can be identified by a pair of
integers giving the column
number and the row number.
• For example, the pixel with
coordinates (3,5) would lie in
column number 3 and ro
number 5.
• Conventionally, columns are
numbered from left to right,
starting with zero.

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