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Lecture 4 (Storage Devices 1)

The document provides an overview of computer storage components, detailing the types of storage devices, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and offline storage. It explains the functions of RAM and ROM, including their characteristics and types, as well as the importance of cache memory. Additionally, it describes hard disks, their storage capacity, speed, and RPM as key factors in data access and performance.

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Awais Baloch
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7 views22 pages

Lecture 4 (Storage Devices 1)

The document provides an overview of computer storage components, detailing the types of storage devices, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and offline storage. It explains the functions of RAM and ROM, including their characteristics and types, as well as the importance of cache memory. Additionally, it describes hard disks, their storage capacity, speed, and RPM as key factors in data access and performance.

Uploaded by

Awais Baloch
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

During the Last Lecture

To learn about the Basic Components of


Computer

To learn about the Computer Hardware and its


Function
 Computer data storage
 Types of storage devices
 Storage devices features
 Other example of storage devices
What is Storage
A Storage Medium is the physical
material on which items are kept.
What is Storage Devices
A storage device is used in the
computers to store the data.
A storage device is the computer
hardware that records and saves items to
and from a storage medium.
Storage devices can function as sources
of input and output.
What is Storage Devices
When storage devices transfer items from
a storage medium into main memory – This
process is called reading
When storage devices transfer items from
main memory to a storage medium – This
process is called writing
Basic Organization of Computer System
Types of Storage
There are four type of storage
1. Primary Storage
2. Secondary Storage
3. Tertiary Storage
4. Off-line Storage
Primary Storage
Also known as main memory.
Main memory is directly or indirectly
connected to the central processing unit
via a memory bus.
The CPU continuously reads instructions
stored there and executes them as
required.
Primary Storage
Example:
– RAM
– ROM
– Cache
RAM
RAM is used to store programs and data that
are being used by the computer. When the
computer is turned on the RAM is empty. Data
and programs can be put into RAM from either
an input device or backing store.
The data in RAM is lost when the computer is
turned off so it is known as Volatile Memory. To
keep data the user must save it to backing store
before the computer is turned off.
RAM
There are two types of RAM :
1. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
2. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
SRAM & DRAM
ROM
ROM is computer memory that can always store data and
applications within it.
ROM is “inbuilt” computer memory containing data that
normally can only be read, not written to. ROM contain
the programming that allows your computer to be
“booted up” or regenerated each time you turn it on.
Unlike Computer’s Random Access Memory (RAM), the
data in ROM is not lost when computer power is turned
off. So it is known as Non-Volatile Memory.
Types of ROM
ROM is further divided in to three types
– PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
– EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
– EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
PROM
PROMs are manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a
special device called a PROM programmer.
EPROM
A rewritable memory chip that holds its content without power. EPROM chips
are written on an external programming device before being placed on the
mother board.
EEPROM
A rewritable memory chip that holds its content without power. EEPROMs are
typically used on circuit boards to store small amounts of instructions and data.
Cache
Cache is a high-speed access area
that can be either a reserved section of
main memory or a storage device.
Without cache memory, every time the
CPU requests for data, it would send the
request to the main memory which would
then be sent back across the system bus to
the CPU. This is a slow process.
Secondary Storage
It is not directly accessible by the CPU.
Computer usually uses its input/output
channels to access secondary storage and
transfers the desired data using
intermediate area in primary storage.
Example:
Hard Disk
What is Hard Disk
• The hard disk drive is the main, and usually
largest, data storage device in a computer.
• It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2
terabytes.
• Hard disk speed is the speed at which content
can be read and written on a hard disk.
• A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation
speed varying from 4500 to 7200 rpm.
• Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.
What is RPM in Hard Disk
RPM stands for "revolutions per minute".
A standard hard drive has a spinning
disc inside of it. RPM measures how many
times that disc spins in a minute. As
RPM increases, the speed of your hard
drive also increases. So a hard drive with a
higher RPM represents a faster hard drive.
Hard Disk
Hard Disk

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