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Programming languages - Object-oriented

The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming languages, focusing on C++, Java, and Python. It highlights key features of object-oriented languages such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, while detailing the history and characteristics of each language. Additionally, it outlines the development of these languages and their respective uses in various applications.

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Alistair Frame
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Programming languages - Object-oriented

The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming languages, focusing on C++, Java, and Python. It highlights key features of object-oriented languages such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, while detailing the history and characteristics of each language. Additionally, it outlines the development of these languages and their respective uses in various applications.

Uploaded by

Alistair Frame
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOUNDATIONS

OF
COMPUTATIONAL
THINKING AND PROGRAMMING

Object-oriented languages
Learning Objectives

This session will cover object-oriented programming


languages.
1. C++
2. Java
3. Python
Overview: Object-oriented
languages
Object-oriented languages (OOLs) are programming languages based
on the principles of object-oriented programming (OOP), which
organizes code into objects—self-contained units that bundle data
(attributes) and behavior (methods). Key features of OOLs include:

• Encapsulation: Data hiding and controlled access using classes and


objects.
• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing ones to
promote code reuse.
• Polymorphism: Enabling objects to take multiple forms, allowing
flexibility in function implementation.
• Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details while exposing
essential features.

Popular OOLs include Java, Python, C++, C#, and Ruby


C++ Language

C++ incorporates the entire C


language, adding powerful
features, while retaining much of
C’s syntax, efficiency and utility.

It is used to write code at all


levels including applications,
operating systems and firmware.
C++ Language

C++ is an extension of the C


programming language. It was
developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the
late 1970s.
It is a powerful, flexible and general-
purpose programming language that
supports a number of different
programming paradigms, such as Bjarne Stroustrup

object orientated, procedural,


functional and generic programming.
Simple C++ Code

#include <cstdio>

int main ( )

puts(“Hello World!”);

return 0;

}
Java
In 1991, a team of engineers at Sun
Microsystem started working on
developing Java. Among them was
James Gosling who is known as the
father Java.

The initial name used for Java was


Greentalk and later on it is changed to
Oak.

Due to trademark issues with Oak


Technologies, the name has finally James Gosling
changed to Java.

The first version of Java was released in


Java is a compiled
language
Java is a compiled language
because its code is first converted
into bytecode before execution.
When you run a Java program:

1.The Java compiler (javac)


converts source code (.java) into
bytecode (.class).
2.The Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
interprets and executes the
bytecode.

This makes Java platform-


independent (via the JVM) while
still benefiting from compilation for
Uses of Java
Java was originally designed for
interactive television, however, at Web
Applicatio
the time it was a very advanced ns

technology for the digital cable


Mobile
television industry. Banking
Software
Applicatio
ns

Java is a general-purpose Uses


programming language. of
It is one of the most widely used Embedde
Java Desktop
programming languages in the world, d
Systems
Applicatio
ns
powering billions of devices.
Web
On of the key reasons behind its huge Servers

popularity is its platform independent


Features of Java
Simple

High
Secure
performance

Robust Portable
Features
of Java

Object
Intermediate
orientated

Multi- Platform
threading independent
Java Components

There are two most important


components to execute any java
program:
Coding ---→ Compilation ( JDK ) ---→ Execution ( JRE)
1. Java Development Kit (JDK)
compiles java source code and
generates .class file, in the form of Java Code Compiler Java Code
byte code, which can be run on any
operating system. Code.java Code.class

2. Java Runtime Environment (JRE)


provides environment to
execute .class file. Java Virtual
Machine (JVM) is the most
Python

Python was invented by Guido van


Rossum in 1991 at CWI in the
Netherlands.

Python is a widely-used general


purpose (both industry and academia)
high-level Programming language.

It combines the power of systems


languages, such as C and Java, with
the ease and rapid development of
Guido van Rossum
scripting languages, such as Ruby.
Python is an interpreted
language
Python is an interpreted language
because its code is executed line by line
by an interpreter rather than being fully
compiled into machine code before
execution. When you run a Python script:

1.The Python interpreter reads the


source code (.py file).
2.It converts the code into bytecode (an
intermediate format).
3.The Python Virtual Machine (PVM)
executes the bytecode.

This allows for cross-platform


compatibility, easy debugging, and
dynamic execution, but it can be slower
than compiled languages like C or C++.
Simple Java Program

class HelloWorld {

public static void main (String


args[] ) {
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
}
}
Python History
• Python reached version 1.0 in January 1994. The major new
features included in this release were the functional
programming tools.

• Python 2.0 was released in 2000, with many new features


added.

• Python 3.0, adjusting several aspects of the core


language, was released in 2008.

• Python 3.0 is backwards-incompatible.


• Codes written for Python 2.x may not work under
3.x!
Python Philosophies

• Beautiful is better than ugly

• Explicit is better than implicit

• Simple is better than complex

• Complex is better than complicated

• Flat is better than nested

• Sparse is better than dense


Python Features
• Simple and Minimalistic

• Easy to Learn

• High-level Language

• Portable

• Interpreted

• Embeddable

• Extensive Libraries

• Free, Open Source, … and


Fun!
Simple Python
Statements
Summary

• Object-oriented languages structure code into


objects, promoting reuse and scalability.
• There are many object-oriented languages out there,
such as C++, Java and Python.
• C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in late
1970s;
• Java was developed by James Gosling in 1996
• Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in
1991.
Further
reading
Goodrich, M. T. et al. (2022) Data Structures and
Algorithms in Java. Wiley

Liang, D. Y. (2021) Introduction to Java Programming and


Data Structures, Comprehensive Version. 12th edn.
Pearson

Hunt, A. et al. (2000) The Pragmatic Programmer: From


Journeyman to Master. 1st edn. Addison-Wesley

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