STATISTICS &

PROBABILITY
Pablo B. Matel
 School Policies

 Wearing inappropriate attire in attending classes.

 Using foul and/or abusive language or expressions
against any person.
 Disturbing a class or any other school activity
through inappropriate behavior.
 Using gadgets during an ongoing class.
 Engaging in other activities not related to the
 Classroom Rules
1. All students must be in class on time.
2. Students should be seated in their assigned
seats.
3. Students should be polite and courteous
towards each other and the teacher.
4. Students should maintain order and
cleanliness.
5. Students should be responsible, caring and
 Classroom Rules
6. Absent students are responsible for making up
the
missed work.
7. Students should use technology in proper
manner.
8. The assigned number in Statistics &
Probability shall be used in recitation and
Grading System

CORE SUBJECTS

Written Works:

25%

Performance Tasks:

50%
 Learning Competencies

Illustrat Distinguish Find

e
a random between a the possible
variable discrete values of a
(discrete and a random
and continuous variable
continuou random
s) variable

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 STATISTICS
the study of the collection,

organization, analysis,

interpretation, and presentation of

data
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 PROBABILITY
branch of mathematics which deals

with finding out the likelihood of the

occurrence of an event

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 Statistical Experiment
any process by which observations
are made and data is collected
Examples
 Rolling a die
 Tossing a coin
 Picking a card from a standard deck of
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Outcome
the result of an experiment

Statistical Experiment Outcome

Rolling a die 3

Tossing a coin Head

Pick a card from a deck of
4 of Hearts
cards
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Sample Space
the collection of all possible
outcomes
Statistical Experiment Sample Space

Rolling a die {1,2,3,4,5,6} = 6

Tossing a coin {Head, Tail} = 2

Pick a card from a deck of {Ace, 2-10, Jack,
cards Queen, King} = 52
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Variable
an element or data that is liable
to vary or change
Random Variable
 a variable whose value is
determined by the outcome of a
random procedure
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Random Variable

 Discrete Random Variable

 Continuous Random Variable

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 Discrete Random Variable

 variable that takes on a finite

number of distinct values

 the values can be described by an

integer value
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Discrete Random Variable
Examples
 Number of students in a classroom
 Number of cars in the parking
area
 Number of books in the library
 Number of text messages sent in
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Continuous Random Variable
 variable that takes an uncountably
infinite number of possible values,
typically measurable quantities
 the values need to be measured
and involve intervals along a
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Continuous Random Variable
Examples
 Height of a student
 Body temperature
 Time consumed on Facebook in a
day
 Distance traveled by a teacher
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Try this!
Classify the following random variables as discrete or
continuous.
Continuous
1. The speed of a tricycle.
2. The number of female students.Discrete
Continuous
3. The time needed to finish the module.
Continuous
4. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee.
5. The number of mobile phones produced by a
manufacturer. Discrete
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Value of a Random Variable
Example 1

Suppose two coins are tossed, let Z be the

random variable representing the number of

heads that occur. Find the values of the random

variable Z.

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 Solution
Step Determine the sample space. Let H represent
heads and T represent tails.
1.
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Step Count the number of heads in each outcome
2. in the sample space and assign this number
to the outcome.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable Z
HH 2
HT 1
TH 1
TT 0

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 Value of a Random Variable
Example 2
Suppose three cell phones are tested at
random. We want to find out the number of
defective cell phones that occur. Thus, we shall
assign a value to each outcome in the sample
space. These are 0, 1, 2, or 3. If there is no
defective cell phone, we assign the number 0; if
there is 1 defective cell phone, we assign the
number 1; if there are 2 defective cell phones, we
assign the number 2; and 3, if there are three
defective cell phones.
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Solution
Step Determine the sample space. Let D represent
defective cell phones and N represent not
1. defective cell phones.
S = {NNN, NND, NDN, NDD, DNN, DND, DDN,
Step Count the number of defective phones in each
DDD}
outcome in the sample space and assign this
2. number to Outcomes
Possible the outcome.
Value of the Random Variable X
NNN 0
NND 1
NDN 1
NDD 2
DNN 1
DND 2
DDN 2
DDD 3

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 Check for Understanding
Classify the following random variables as discrete or
continuous.
1. Collecting data about the weights of students.
2. The amount of paint utilized in a building
project.
3. The number of voters favoring a candidate.
4. The number of fouls committed by a basketball
team during a game.
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables
 Check for Understanding
Two balls are drawn in succession without

replacement from a box containing five red balls

and six blue balls. Let Z be the random variable

representing the number of blue balls. Find the

values of the random variable Z. (5 points)

Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables

 Thank You
&
Happy
Statistics & Probability Week 1 Day 1 Random Variables