Subject: Educ 301: Methods of Research in Education II

Professor: GEOFFREY BASILIO, PhD

Topic: SAMPLING STRATEGIES
Reporter: MELCHIE B. RAMOS
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SAMPLING STRATEGIES
SAMPLING
The process of selecting a subset of individuals or
items from a larger population to make inferences
about that population.
Researchers use sampling to collect data more
efficiently and to generalize findings to the entire
group without surveying everyone.
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In technical terms, the

larger group is referred to
as the population,
and the subset (the group
you’ll actually engage with
in your research) is called
the sample.
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KEY OBJECTIVES OF
SAMPLING:
Reduce Costs and Time: Sampling allows
for efficient data collection by focusing on a
representative subset.
Improve Accuracy: Smaller, well-designed
samples can lead to more accurate, focused
data collection.
Ensure Representativeness: By carefully
selecting a sample, researchers can ensure
that the findings are relevant to the larger
population.
TYPES OF SAMPLING
METHODS: 5

1. Probability Sampling
1. Probability
Every individual or item in Sampling
the population has a known, Every individual or
non-zero chance of being item in the population
selected. This type of has a known, non-zero
sampling is often used when chance of being
selected. This type of
researchers aim for sampling is often used
unbiased, generalizable when researchers aim
results. for unbiased,
generalizable results.
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EXAMPLES OF
PROBABILITY SAMPLING:
1. Simple random sampling
2. Stratified sampling
3. Systematic sampling
4. Cluster sampling
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2. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Individuals are selected based on

specific characteristics or
convenience rather than random
selection.
This method is suitable for
exploratory research where
generalizability is less critical.
EXAMPLES OF NON- 8

PROBABILITY SAMPLING:

1. Convenience
sampling
2. Quota sampling
3. Snowball sampling
4. Purposive sampling
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TECHNIQUES AND EXAMPLES

FOR EACH SAMPLING
METHOD
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DYNAMIC DELIVERY
1. Simple Random Sampling
Probability Sampling
Techniques • Technique: Each individual
in the population has an equal
chance of being selected.
Researchers use random
number generators or random
selection tools to choose
participants.
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• Probability
Sampling
Techniques
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EXAMPLE:
• A school administrator randomly
selects 50 students from a list of
all students to survey about
cafeteria satisfaction.
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2. STRATIFIED SAMPLING
Technique:
The population is
divided into subgroups
(strata) based on a
characteristic (e.g.,
age, gender), and
random samples are
taken from each
subgroup.
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2. STRATIFIED SAMPLING

• Example: In a study on
employee satisfaction,
researchers divide employees
into departments
• (e.g., sales, HR, finance) and
randomly select employees
from each department.
3. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING 15

Technique:
A starting point is
randomly selected, and
then every kth
individual is chosen
from a list. This
method is often used
when there’s a fixed
pattern or order in the
population list.
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3. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

• Example:
A researcher wants to survey
a population of 1,000 people and
decides to select every 10th
person on a sorted list after a
random start.
4.CLUSTER SAMPLING 17

Technique:
The population is
divided into clusters
(groups) that are
randomly selected. All
individuals within
selected clusters are
then included in the
sample.
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4. CLUSTER SAMPLING

• Example:
In a national health study,
a researcher randomly selects
specific cities (clusters) and surveys
all residents within those cities.
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NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
1. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
20

Technique:

Participants are
selected based on
availability or ease
of access, making it
a fast and easy
sampling method.
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4. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
Example:
A psychology student surveys
classmates because they are
easily accessible and available
for quick data collection.
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2. QUOTA SAMPLING

Technique:
The population is
divided into categories
(e.g., age, gender),
and a specified number
of participants from
each category is
chosen non-randomly.
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2. QUOTA SAMPLING
Example:
A researcher studying consumer
preferences might set a quota to
survey 50 men and 50 women in
a shopping mall.
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3. SNOWBALL SAMPLING

Technique:

Participants recruit
other participants,
making it useful for
studying hard-to-
reach populations.
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2.SNOWBALL SAMPLING
Example:
In a study on experiences of ex-
convicts, initial participants refer
other ex-convicts they know,
expanding the sample.
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3. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
Technique:

Participants are
selected based on
specific criteria or
characteristics
relevant to the
study’s purpose.
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3. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
Example:
In a study on the effects of
leadership training, a researcher
selects participants who hold
managerial positions to gain
insights specific to leaders.
THANK
YOU
Brita Tamm
502-555-0152
[email protected]
www.firstupconsultants.com