Concept of

Solar Cell,
Module and
Array
 Presented
By
A S M Mostain Billah
Roll: 2004018
Jannatul Amin Jannat
Roll: 2004022
Dept of ETE Dept of ETE
RUET RUET
 Solar Cell
• What is a solar cell?
= Solar cell is a device that converts light energy in to electrical enegry by
using photoelectric effect.
= Solar cell is also known as photovoltaic cell or p.v. cell.
= It is basically p-n junction diode whose electrical characteristics current,
voltage are varies when exposed in to light.
= Common single junction solar cell can produce a maximum open circuit
voltage approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volt.
= It is small value of voltage but when combine more solar cell in to solar
panel then we can produce huge amount of electricity.
Construction of
Solar Cell
Construction of
Solar Cell
Working Principle
of Solar Cell
 Working Principle
of Solar Cell

(1) (2)
Working Principle
of Solar Cell
 Generations of Solar
Cell
• First Generation of Solar Cell: First generation of solar cells emerged in the 1950s
It primarily utilized crystalline silicon as the semiconductor material. These cells are
often referred to as single-crystal silicon or monocrystalline silicon cells.

• Second Generation of Solar Cell: Second generation of solar cells emerged in the
1980s and introduced new semiconductor materials and thin-film technologies as
alternatives to traditional crystalline silicon cells. This generation of solar cells is
often referred to as thin-film solar cells and includes cadmium telluride (CdTe), and
copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS).

• Third Generation of Solar Cell: The third generation of solar cells, which began to
emerge in the early 2000s, focuses on advanced materials and novel device
architectures to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enable new applications.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• They are environmentally sustainable • While maintenance costs are low, the
and produce clean energy. initial installation of photovoltaic
• They have minimal upkeep expenses. systems is considerably expensive.
• It is a readily accessible and renewable • Photovoltaic cells are not currently
energy source. capable of producing electricity at a
• They can be utilized for longer periods commercial level.
of time and are less likely to lose • Transmitting electricity over long
efficiency. distances poses difficulties for
• They don't create noise pollution. photovoltaic systems.
• As long as a certain region receives • Photovoltaic cells are fragile and
enough sunshine, they can produce susceptible to damage.
power anyplace.
 Solar Panel or
Module
• What is solar module?
` A single photovoltaic Module/Panel is an
assembly of connected solar cells that will
absorb sunlight as a source of energy to develop
electricity. A group of PV modules (also called PV
panels) is wired into an extensive array called PV
array to gain a required current and voltage.
 Types of Solar Module
1. Mono-crystalline Solar Modules

• It is a solar modules comprising

mono-crystalline solar cells.

• When sunlight falls on the mono-

crystalline solar modules, the cells
absorb the energy and create an
electric field through a complicated
process. Hence it comprises of
voltage and current which is directly
used to run DC.
 Types of Solar Module

2. Polycrystalline Solar Modules

• PolyCrystalline solar modules are

solar modules that consist of several
crystals of silicon in a single PV cell.

• Polycrystalline PV panels cover 50%

of the global production of modules.
Table of Content

DEFINITION

KEY COMPONENTS

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Solar cell types

applications
 Solar Cell Array
Definitio
n
A solar cell array is a group of interconnected solar cells arranged to capture
sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. These arrays form the basis of
photovoltaic systems used in various applications.

key components

Semiconductor material,Metal contacts, Anti-Reflective Coating,Encapsulation Layer

Schematic Diagram
Types of Solar Cell Array:
Monocrystalline Panels:

High efficiency and longevity.

More expensive

Polycrystalline Panels:

Moderate efficiency and cost-effective.

Less efficient in high temperatures.

Thin Layer Films:

Lightweight and flexible, lower

efficiency but cheaper.

Schematic Diagram
 Application of Solar Cell Array

Solar-powered
Rooftop Solar Large-scale solar
Powering Solar-powered irrigation systems

satellites and vehicles and boats. and greenhouse

Panel for
farms and industrial
lighting.
Homes space stations.
applications