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Group 1 Basic Cellular Process

The document discusses the essential cellular processes and the structure and function of the plasma membrane in animal cells. It highlights the importance of energy for cellular activities, the role of phospholipids and proteins in membrane structure, and the mechanisms of transport across the membrane. Additionally, it emphasizes the plasma membrane's functions in maintaining homeostasis, cell communication, and protecting the cell.

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Rona Flor Caday Bug-os
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13 views24 pages

Group 1 Basic Cellular Process

The document discusses the essential cellular processes and the structure and function of the plasma membrane in animal cells. It highlights the importance of energy for cellular activities, the role of phospholipids and proteins in membrane structure, and the mechanisms of transport across the membrane. Additionally, it emphasizes the plasma membrane's functions in maintaining homeostasis, cell communication, and protecting the cell.

Uploaded by

Rona Flor Caday Bug-os
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC

CELLULAR
PROCESSES
By Animal Zoo
Ehril
Chryslanie
Christian
Rosales
Gonzaga

Milcah
Micah
ANIMAL Mairi
Ginelle
Yamson ZOO Talisic

Ziya
Estelle Darcy
Delann
Sy
Introduction
• Energy is not only used to help living things
perform tasks
• It is also required for the synthesis,
breakdown, and transportation of
molecules into the different parts of our
• body.
Cells also need energy to export waste and
toxins.
• All the cellular processes mentioned above
require a steady supply of energy.
STRUCTURE AND
COMPONENTS OF
THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE
PLASMA
MEMBRANE
• The plasma membrane defines the cell and controls interactions with
its environment.

• It regulates substance movement, allowing some in and blocking


others.

• Its flexibility helps blood cells change shape to pass through capillaries.

• Surface markers help cells recognize each other and aid in tissue
formation.

• Plays a key role in the immune system, distinguishing "self" from "non-
self."
The Components
and Functions of
the Plasma
Membrane in a
typical Animal
Cell
Phospholip
id
Phospholipids make up the main fabric
of the plasma membrane, forming a
bilayer tat serves as a barrier between
the internal and external
environments of the cell. Each
phospholipid consists of a hydrophilic
(water-attracting) head and
hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails,
allowing the membrane to maintain its
structure and regulate the movement
of substances. This arrangement
ensures selective permeability,
enabling the cell to control the entry
and exit of molecules while
Cholester
ol - Cholesterol keeps the
membrane stable and
flexible.
- Prevents it from being too
stiff or too loose.
- Maintains shape and
function in all conditions.
Integral Protein

Integral membrane proteins are


permanently embedded within the
plasma membrane. They have a
range of important functions. Such
functions include channeling or
transporting molecules across the
membrane. Other integral proteins
act as cell receptors
Integral Proteins

Transport of substance through membrane


• Receptor Function
• Cell Adhesion
• Structural support
Peripheral Protein

Peripheral membrane protein is a protein


that is found temporarily attached to the
cell or mitochondrial membrane. Peripheral
membrane proteins attach to the
membrane but are not embedded in it. The
peripheral membrane proteins function in
support, communication, enzymes, and
molecule transfer in the cell.
Carbohydrates (components
of
glycoproteins and
glycolipids)
:Cell recognition
■ Effective interaction
with the
aqueous cnvironment
PLASMA
MEMBRANE
The plasma membrane enables signal transmission
through integral membrane proteins called receptors,
which receive extracellular signals (e.g., hormones,
growth factors) and activate intracellular responses.
Viruses like HIV can hijack these receptors to enter
cells. Additionally, mutations in receptor genes can
disrupt signal ransduction, leading to serious diseases
such as cancer and immune disorders.
Transport
Mechanism:
The Plasma
Membrane
What is the Plasma Membrane?

The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is


a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell. It is made
of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The
main functions of the plasma membrane are:

• Defining the cell’s boundary


• Maintaining homeostasis (a stable internal
environment)
• Controlling what enters and exits the cell
• Selective Permeability
Transport Mechanisms

It refers to the processes that regulate the movement of


molecules, ions, and substances across the cell
membrane.

Cells use different transport mechanisms to move


substances across the plasma membrane.
Two Types
of Transport
Passive Transport (No Energy)

Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low


concentration. Example: Oxygen moving into cells.

Osmosis: The movement of water molecules across a


membrane. Example: Water absorption in plant roots.

Facilitated Diffusion: Transport proteins help molecules


like glucose enter the cell
Active Transport (Requires
Energy – ATP)

• Moves substances against the concentration gradient


(low to high).

• Uses carrier proteins and ATP (energy).

• Example: The Sodium-Potassium Pump in nerve cells,


which helps maintain proper function.
Why is the
Plasma
Membrane
Important?
Why is the Plasma Membrane
Important?

• Protects the cell from harmful substances

• Maintains homeostasis by regulating materials

• Allows cell communication through receptors

• Transports nutrients needed for survival


Real-Life Analogy:
Airport Security

1.
Some passengers (molecules) pass
through easily

2.
Others need a passport or ticket
(transport proteins)

3.
Some are denied entry for security
reasons
Thank
you!

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