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Lecture 2 Computer System

The document provides an overview of computer systems, detailing their components, functions, and uses in various fields such as education, business, and healthcare. It discusses the rapid advancements in computer technology including cloud computing, AI, and IoT, as well as the distinction between hardware and software. Additionally, it covers the system unit, processor, memory, and expansion slots, emphasizing the importance of each component in the overall functionality of a computer system.

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5 views39 pages

Lecture 2 Computer System

The document provides an overview of computer systems, detailing their components, functions, and uses in various fields such as education, business, and healthcare. It discusses the rapid advancements in computer technology including cloud computing, AI, and IoT, as well as the distinction between hardware and software. Additionally, it covers the system unit, processor, memory, and expansion slots, emphasizing the importance of each component in the overall functionality of a computer system.

Uploaded by

Itx Thiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 1


Computers and Computer Systems

• Computers: An electronic device that accepts


data, performs operations on that data, presents
the results, and stores the data or results as
needed.
• It is a device that performs the information-
processing cycle

Course instructor: Mutama, S 2


The information-processing cycle

Course instructor: Mutama, S 3


Uses of a Computer Systems
• Computer systems can be used in various aspects
including :
• Education
• Entertainment
• Business
• Medical
• Weather forecasting.
• Banking, insurance and social security
• Tax administration
Course instructor: Mutama, S 4
Advancement of Computer Technologies
• Computer technology changes very rapidly:
• Cloud computing -Storage resources in the cloud
(over the internet)
• Artificial intelligence (AI) - performing complex tasks
that historically only a human could do, such as
reasoning, making decisions, or solving problems. AI
technology gives a software an ability to think
intelligently like the human mind.
• Virtual and Augmented Reality
• Blockchain technologies
• IoT
Course instructor: Mutama, S 5
Computer system.

• Hardware is the device itself and its components,


such as wires, cases, switches, and electronic
circuits.
• Software consists of the programs and apps that
instruct the computer to perform tasks. Software
processes data into meaningful information.

Course instructor: Mutama, S 6


Computer Hardware

• Computer hardware refers to the physical


components that make up a computer system
that can be seen.
• Computer hardware includes a wide range of
devices consisting of Input, Processing, storage
and output

Course instructor: Mutama, S 7


Block Diagram of computer system

Course instructor: Mutama, S 8


The System Unit

• The system unit is


a case that
contains
electronic
components of
the computer
used to process
data

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 9


The System Unit

• The inside of the system unit on a desktop


personal computer includes:

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 10


The System Unit

• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the


system unit
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 11


Processor

• The processor, also called the central processing


unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 12


Processor components

• The control unit is the component of the


processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Lecture 2 Course instructor: Mutama, S 13


Processor

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 14


Processor

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of


four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 15


Processor

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 16


Data Representation

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 17


Memory

• Memory consists of electronic components that


store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 18


Memory

• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),


megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
(TB)

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 19


Memory

• The system unit contains two types of memory:

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 20


Memory

• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module


and are inserted into memory slots

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 21


Memory

• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer


often depends on the types of software you plan
to use

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 22


Memory

• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer


because it stores frequently used instructions and data

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 23


Memory

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 24


Memory

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and


rewritten
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 25


Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard
that can hold an adapter
card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
– Sound card and video card

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 26


Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically


can configure adapter cards and other peripherals
as you install them

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 27


Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• Removable flash memory includes:


– Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
Cards/ExpressCard modules

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 28


Ports and Connectors

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 29


Ports and Connectors

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 30


Ports and Connectors

• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the


back, front, and/or sides

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 31


Ports and Connectors

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 32


Ports and Connectors

• A USB port can connect up to 127 different


peripherals together with a single connector
– You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port with a USB hub

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 33


Buses
• A bus allows the various
devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 34


Bays

• A bay is an opening
inside the system unit in
which you can install
additional equipment
– A drive bay typically
holds disk drives

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 35


Power Supply

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 36


Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean

Lecture 3 Course instructor: Mutama, S 37


....The End...

Course instructor: Mutama, S 38


Thanks for your patience!

Course instructor: Mutama, S 39

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