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Serial Communication and UART

Serial communication transmits data sequentially, sending one bit at a time over a single channel, while parallel communication sends multiple bits simultaneously across multiple channels. Common protocols include UART for asynchronous communication, and SPI and I²C for synchronous communication. Serial communication is advantageous for its simplicity, reliability over long distances, and versatility in various applications such as embedded systems and consumer electronics.

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13 views22 pages

Serial Communication and UART

Serial communication transmits data sequentially, sending one bit at a time over a single channel, while parallel communication sends multiple bits simultaneously across multiple channels. Common protocols include UART for asynchronous communication, and SPI and I²C for synchronous communication. Serial communication is advantageous for its simplicity, reliability over long distances, and versatility in various applications such as embedded systems and consumer electronics.

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janna020105
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COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION
SERIAL
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION

SERIAL COMMUNICATION is a method of transmitting data between


devices using a sequential approach, sending one bit at a time over a
single channel.
WHAT IS SERIAL COMMUNICATION?

In serial communication, data bits are transmitted over a


communication channel one after another. This contrasts with
parallel communication, where multiple bits are sent
simultaneously over multiple channels.
WHAT IS PARALLEL COMMUNICATION?

Paralllel communication is a method of data transmission where


multiple bits are sent simultaneously across multiple channels (wires).
Each bit has its own dedicated line, allowing for faster data transfer
over short distances.
SERIAL VS PARRALLEL

​Table: Comparison between Serial and Parallel Communication


TYPES OF SERIAL COMMUNICATION

• Synchronous Serial Communication


Data is transmitted alongside a clock signal, ensuring synchronization
between sender and receiver. Examples include SPI (Serial Peripheral
Interface) and I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit).
• Asynchronous Serial Communication
Data is transmitted without a shared clock signal, using start and stop
bits to frame data packets. UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter) is a common example.​
COMMON PROTOCOLS
• UART (Universal Asynchronous Reciever Transmitter
Facilitates asynchronous serial communication with minimal wiring,
typically requiring only two lines (TX for transmitting and RX for
receiving). ​

• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)


A synchronous protocol that uses multiple lines (MISO, MOSI, SCLK,
and SS) for high-speed data transfer, commonly used in
communication between microcontrollers and peripherals.
COMMON PROTOCOLS
• I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
Utilizes two lines (SDA for data and SCL for clock) to connect multiple
devices, allowing for complex communication networks with unique
device addresses.​

• RS-232 and RS-485


Standards for serial communication, traditionally used in computer
serial ports and industrial systems.
ADVANTAGES
• Simplicity: Requires fewer wires, reducing hardware complexity
and cost.​

• Reliability: Better suited for long-distance communication with less


susceptibility to signal degradation.​

• Versatility: Supports various communication modes, including full-


duplex (simultaneous send and receive) and half-duplex (send and
receive at different times).​
APPLICATIONS
• Embedded Systems
Microcontrollers communicating with sensors, actuators, and other modules.​

• Computer Peripherals
Devices like keyboards, mice, and printers interfacing with computers.​

• Industrial Automation
Control systems managing machinery and processes.
​
• Consumer Electronics
Devices like GPS modules, Bluetooth adapters, and display screens.
UNIVERSAL
ASYNCHRONOUS
UART
RECIEVER
TRANSMITTER
UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER-
TRANSMITTER (UART)

A UART is a peripheral device that manages the sending and


receiving of asynchronous serial data. It transmits data bits
sequentially, framed by start and stop bits, allowing devices to
communicate without a shared clock signal.
SERIAL CLASS
With the Serial class, you can send / receive data to and from your computer
over USB, or to a device connected via the Arduino's RX/TX pins.
• When sending data over USB, we use
Serial. This data can be viewed in the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE.
• When sending data over RX/TX pins, we use: Serial1.
• The GIGA R1 WiFi, Mega 2560 and Due boards also have Serial2 and Serial3.
THE SERIAL Class have several methods with some of the essentials
being:
HOW UART WORKS
• Transmitter
Converts parallel data from the CPU into serial form, adds start and stop bits, and
transmits it over the communication channel.​
• Receiver
Receives the serial data, detects the start and stop bits, converts the serial data
back into parallel form, and makes it available to the CPU.​

The absence of a shared clock requires both devices to agree on a common baud
rate (data transmission speed) to ensure proper data interpretation.
HOW UART WORKS
UART FRAME STRUCTURE
• Start Bit
Indicates the beginning of a data frame by transitioning from a high to a low
voltage level.​
• Data Bits
Typically 5 to 9 bits representing the actual data being transmitted.​
• Parity Bit (Optional)
Used for error detection; can be even or odd parity.​
• Stop Bit(s)
One or two bits indicating the end of the data frame, transitioning back to a high
voltage level.
ADVANTAGES
• Simplicity
Requires only two wires (transmit and receive) for full-duplex communication.​
• Asynchronous Communication
No need for a shared clock signal between devices.​
• Error Detection
Optional parity bit allows for basic error checking
• Widely Supported
Commonly integrated into microcontrollers and supported by various devices.
LIMITATIONS OF UART
• Limited Distance
Effective communication is typically limited to short distances.

• Speed Constraints
Generally slower compared to synchronous communication protocols.​

• Single Device Communication


Designed primarily for point-to-point communication; not ideal for multi-device
networks.​
CONCLUSION
Serial communication is a cornerstone of modern electronics, enabling efficient and
reliable data transfer across various devices and systems. Its simplicity, coupled
with the ability to maintain integrity over long distances, ensures its continued
relevance in technological applications.​

UART remains a fundamental communication protocol in electronics, offering a


straightforward method for serial data exchange between devices. Its simplicity and
widespread adoption make it a staple in various applications, despite the
emergence of more complex communication protocols.​
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tm
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n/
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/terminal-basics/all.p
df
https://forum.arduino.cc/t/serial-input-advanced/63443
0
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t/
https://www.ti.com/lit/ug/sprugp1/sprugp1.p
df
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ter
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
THANK YOU

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