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Introduction

The document provides an overview of basic computer concepts, including hardware components like the CPU, memory unit, and I/O units, as well as the role of software and operating systems. It explains programming languages, the binary number system, and the fundamentals of computational problem solving. The importance of algorithms and reasonable time constraints for problem-solving in computer science is also highlighted.

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6 views12 pages

Introduction

The document provides an overview of basic computer concepts, including hardware components like the CPU, memory unit, and I/O units, as well as the role of software and operating systems. It explains programming languages, the binary number system, and the fundamentals of computational problem solving. The importance of algorithms and reasonable time constraints for problem-solving in computer science is also highlighted.

Uploaded by

r.devipriya.kcsknc
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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K.C.S.

KASI NADAR COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE


(Belongs to S.V.H.N.A.Dharma Fund)

BASICS CONCEPTS
By,
Mrs.B.VIJAYALAKSHMI,
Assistant Professor,
Department Of Computer Science.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
• A computer performs operations with speed and accuracy using certain
hardware and software.
• Hardware is visible physical element of a computer and software consist of a
written set of instructions used to control the hardware.
• The hardware of a computer system consists of three main components, viz.
input/ output (I/O) unit, central processing unit and memory unit.
MEMORY UNIT

INPUT CENTRAL OUTPUT


PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) UNIT
• Users interact with a computer using various I/O units.
• Inputs can be given to a computer using input devices, such as a keyboard.
• The input unit of a computer converts the data that it accepts from a user
into a form that is understandable by it.
• As soon as the computer receives the input, it is processed and sent to its
output device.
• Monitors, printers, etc., are examples of output devices of a computer.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
• The CPU is one of the most important parts of a computer.
• It handles processing of data and consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
and a control unit.
• The ALU performs all operations on the input data and the control unit
directs the computer memory and input and output devices response to the
instructions received from a program.
MEMORY UNIT
• The function of the memory unit is to store programs and data.
1. Internal memory: It refers to the set of registers confined to the CPU. These
registers hold temporary results when a computation is in progress.
2. Primary memory: It is a storage area in which all the programs are executed.
All programs and data must be stored in the primary memory for speedy
execution.
3. Secondary memory: It is known as external memory or storage memory.
Programs and data are stored here for the long term. Hard disk, floppy disk,
CDs, DVDs and magnetic tapes are different forms of secondary memory.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Computer software is a set of program instructions, including related data and
documentation, that can be executed by computer.
What Are Syntax , Semantics and Program Translation ?
• The syntax of a language is a set of characters and the acceptable sequences of those
characters.
• The semantics of a language is the meaning associated with each syntactically correct
sequence of characters.
• A compiler is a translator program that translates programs directly into machine code to be
executed by the CPU.
• An interpreter executes program instructions in place of (“running on top of”) the CPU.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Bridging Software and Hardware

• An operating system is software that has the job of managing and


interacting with the hardware resources of a computer.
THE BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
• All information within a computer system is represented using only two
digits, 0 and 1, called binary representation.
• The term bit stands for binary digit.
• A byte is a group of bits operated on as a single unit in a computer
system, usually consisting of eight bits.
• BASE-2 REPRESENTATION :
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 = 99
OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
What is a program?
A computer program is a set of instructions, which performs a specific task
when executed by a computer. Computer programs are commonly known as
software.
• The instructions in a program tell a computer what to do and these instructions
can be written in three types of programming languages.
 Machine Language
Assembly Language
 High-level Language
THE ESSENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL
PROBLEM SOLVING
• Computer science is fundamentally about computational problem
solving.
• In order to solve a problem computationally, two things are needed:
Representation that captures all the relevant aspects of the problem
Algorithm that solves the problem by use of the representation.
Limits of Computational Problem Solving
• Any algorithm that correctly solves a given problem must solve the
problem in a reasonable amount of time, otherwise it is of limited
practical use.
THE PROCESS OF COMPUTATIONAL
PROBLEM SOLVING
THANK YOU!!!

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