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Statistics LEC8 Correlation Ciefficient

Simple linear regression is a statistical method that models the relationship between two continuous variables, focusing on how an independent variable predicts a dependent variable. The relationship is represented by a linear equation, and regression analysis can help estimate how a response variable depends on predictors. Additionally, regression modeling encompasses various techniques, including multiple linear regression, to analyze and predict outcomes based on data.

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6 views13 pages

Statistics LEC8 Correlation Ciefficient

Simple linear regression is a statistical method that models the relationship between two continuous variables, focusing on how an independent variable predicts a dependent variable. The relationship is represented by a linear equation, and regression analysis can help estimate how a response variable depends on predictors. Additionally, regression modeling encompasses various techniques, including multiple linear regression, to analyze and predict outcomes based on data.

Uploaded by

tasantos1386
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGINEERING

DATA ANALYSIS
Simple Linear Regression
Simple linear regression is a statistical method used to model the
relationship between two continuous variables. It examines how one variable
(known as the independent variable) influences or predicts the values of another
variable (known as the dependent variable). In simple linear regression, there is
a single independent variable and a single dependent variable.

Simple linear regression is used to estimate the relationship between two


quantitative variables. You can use simple linear regression when you want to
know:
How strong the relationship is between two variables (e.g., the relationship
between rainfall and soil erosion).
The value of the dependent variable at a certain value of the independent
variable (e.g., the amount of soil erosion at a certain level of rainfall).
The relationship between the independent variable (X) and the
dependent variable is represented by the equation of a straight line:

Y = β0 + β1X + ε
Y’ = a + bx

Where:

Y is the dependent variable


X is the independent variable
β0 is the y-intercept (the value of Y when X = 0)
β1 is the slope of the line (how much Y changes for a unit change
in X)
ε is the error term, representing the difference between the
observed and predicted values of Y
EMPIRICAL MODELS
Models can take various forms. Some incorporate physical and
chemical principles with the adjustable parameters. These are
fundamental models .

Often, it is experiment it is expedient to use models that are


simple mathematically, such as linear or polynomial equations.
These are empirical models

Occasionally, models are mix of the two semi-empirical models

When choosing the form of a purely empirical model, it is


important to make a selection that has a good potential of
“fitting” the behavior of the data
 An empirical model, sometimes called a statistical
model, relies on observation rather than theory. The
idea is that if you observe some particular outcome
following some particular circumstance then you can
reliably predict that outcome in the future.
 Dependent and Independent variable

Gas Price - Price of Vegetables


Number of Students - Number of needed Teachers
Temperature Reading- Electricity Bill

Regression Analysis is a reliable statisticl method of estimating how a


response variable depends on one or more predictors

Regression line is used to model the relationship of the variables


Formula for the Regression Line y’ =a+bx

Where a is the y’ intercept and b is the slope of the line.


Example : Instructor Kaye wants to see how the number of absences of students
affects the student’s final grade.

Number of 9 11 3 0 7 4
absences
Final Grade 65 70 90 92 75 84

X Y X2 XY
9 65
11 70
3 90
0 92
7 75
4 84
 Regression modeling of linear relationships is a statistical technique used to
model and analyze the linear relationships between variables. It is a broader
concept that includes not only simple linear regression but also multiple linear
regression and other advanced regression techniques.

 Linear regression modeling assumes that the relationship between the


independent variables and the dependent variable is linear, which means that
changes in the independent variable(s) are associated with a proportional
change in the dependent variable. The goal of regression modeling is to
estimate the coefficients of the regression equation that best fit the data and
can be used to predict the values of the dependent variable based on the
values of the independent variables. In multiple linear regression, there are
multiple independent variables that are used to predict the dependent
variable.
 A statistics instructor at state university wants to see how strong the
relationship is between a student score on a test and his or her grade point
average. The data obtained as follows

Total score, X 98 10 10 100 106 95 116 112


5 0
GPA, Y 2.1 2.4 3.2 2.7 2.2 2.3 3.8 3.4
 A statistics instructor at state university wants to see how strong the
relationship is between a student score on a test and his or her grade point
average. The data obtained as follows

Total score, X 98 10 10 100 106 95 116 112


5 0
GPA, Y 2.1 2.4 3.2 2.7 2.2 2.3 3.8 3.4

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