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Edge Detection

Edge detection identifies points in digital images where brightness changes sharply, aiding in image segmentation and object extraction. The process involves noise reduction, edge enhancement, and edge localization, with various algorithms available, including the Canny edge detector, which is widely used due to its low error rate and effective edge localization. The Canny edge detector employs multiple steps such as image smoothing, nonmaxima suppression, hysteresis thresholding, and connectivity analysis to accurately detect edges.

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15 views18 pages

Edge Detection

Edge detection identifies points in digital images where brightness changes sharply, aiding in image segmentation and object extraction. The process involves noise reduction, edge enhancement, and edge localization, with various algorithms available, including the Canny edge detector, which is widely used due to its low error rate and effective edge localization. The Canny edge detector employs multiple steps such as image smoothing, nonmaxima suppression, hysteresis thresholding, and connectivity analysis to accurately detect edges.

Uploaded by

ahamed.tanjir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome To

Our
Presentation
Edge Detection
What is Edge
Detection?
Identifying points/Edges in a digital image at
which the image brightness changes sharply or
has discontinuities.
-Edges are significant local changes of intensity in an
image.
-Edges typically occur on the boundary between
two different regions in an image.
Goal of edge
detection
Edge detection is extensively used in image
segmentation when we want to divide the image
into areas corresponding to different objects. If
we need to extract different object from an
image, we need Edge Detection Using Edge
Detection, we can:
-Produce a line drawing of a scene from an image of that
scene.
-Important features can be extracted from the edges of
an image (e.g., corners, lines, curves).
-These features are used by higher-level computer vision
algorithms (e.g., recognition, Image comparizon ).
Process of Edge
Detection
Most of edge detection algorithm are based on one of two
basic properties of intensity values: Discontinuity and
similarity.

Typically, there are three steps to perform edge detection:

1. Noise reduction

2. Edge enhancement

3. Edge localization
Process of Edge
DetectionNoise
(...)reduction
where we try to suppress as much noise as possible,
without smoothing away the meaningful edges.

Original After Noise Reduction


Process of Edge
Detection (...)
Edge enhancement
where we apply some kind of filter that responds strongly at
edges and weakly elsewhere, so that the edges may be identified
as local maxima in the filter’s output . One suggestion is to use
some kind of high pass filter.
Process of Edge
Detection (...)
Edge localization

where we decide which of the local maxima output by the filter


are meaningful edges and which are caused by noise
Process of Edge
Detection (...)
There are many algorithm for Edge Detection. Some
are:
Robert's edge detector

Prewitt edge detector

Sobel edge detector

Frie Chen edge

detector Canny edge

detector

Canny edge detector is giving best output, I am going to explain Canny


edge detector.
Canny Edge
Detector
Canny Edge Detector is complex and uses a multi-stage algorithm to
detect a wide range of edges in images. It is most commonly
implemented edge detection algorithm. It has three basic objectives:

Low error rate

Edge points should be well

localized Single edge point

response
Canny Edge
Detector
As I mention before, canny edge detector have multiple
algorithm.
It have Some steps, those are:
Image Smoothing
Nonmaxima
Suppression Hysteresis
Thresholding
Connectivity Analysis
Canny Edge
Detector
Image Smoothing
Reduce image noise by smoothing with a
Gaussian

The choice of σ depends on desired behavior

large σ detects large scale

edges small σ detects fine

features
The larger the width of the Gaussian mask, the lower is the detector's sensitivity
Canny Edge
Detector
Nonmaxima Suppression
Nonmaxima Suppression reduce thick edge strength responses around true edges
select the single maximum point across the width of an edge. is used to trace
along the edge in the edge direction and suppress any pixel value (sets it equal to
0) that is not considered to be an edge. This will give a thin line in the output
image.
Canny Edge
Detector
Hysteresis Thresholding
Large intensity gradients are more likely to correspond to edges than small intensity gradients. It is in most
cases impossible to specify a threshold at which a given intensity gradient switches from corresponding
to an edge into not doing so. Therefore Canny uses thresholding with hysteresis.

Thresholding with hysteresis requires two thresholds – high and low. Select two thresholds TH and TL such

that 0 6 TL < TH 6 255

Create two new binary 2-D After this


•arrays
gNH(x; y) = y) > •operation
gNH(x y) will contain only the strong edge
gN(x TH • gNL(x points
•Eliminate
gNL(x; y) =from y)g>
NL(x;
TL y) all the • They will not contain only
y) will common
the weak edge points
gN(x points
nonzero
pixels from gNH(x Ratio of TH to TL should be 2 : 1 or 3 :
y) 1
Canny Edge
Detector
Connectivity Analysis
After step #4, gNH(x y) will contain the strong edge pixels { thus are valid edge
pixels. However, there will be discontinuity in the edges. Longer edges are formed
using the following procedure:
1 Add all the edge pixels in gNH(x y) to a list L
2 Do until there are more edge pixels in L
• Locate the next unvisited edge pixel, p
• Mark as valid edge pixels all the weak pixels in y) that are connected to p
gNL(x neighbors) (8
• Remove p from L

3 Set to zero all pixels in gNL(x y) that were not marked as valid edge pixels
4 Combine all nonzero pixels in gNH(x y) and gNL(x y ) to find the final edge
pixels
Analysis
Canny Edge
Detector
Visually all
steps
?

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