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Writing Report Writing

The document outlines the key elements of writing research proposals and reports, emphasizing the significance of a coherent structure and methodology. It details the components of both proposals and reports, including objectives, significance, and methods of referencing, while also highlighting the conventions of academic writing. Additionally, it provides guidelines for preparing and presenting research in a clear and effective manner.

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16 views18 pages

Writing Report Writing

The document outlines the key elements of writing research proposals and reports, emphasizing the significance of a coherent structure and methodology. It details the components of both proposals and reports, including objectives, significance, and methods of referencing, while also highlighting the conventions of academic writing. Additionally, it provides guidelines for preparing and presenting research in a clear and effective manner.

Uploaded by

jenisaadhikari30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-VI

WRITING PROPOSALS AND


REPORT WRITING
Research Proposal

 A research proposal is a concise and coherent summary of

proposed research.
 A research proposal is a document proposing a research project,

generally in the sciences or academia, and generally constitutes a


request for sponsorship of that research.
 It sets out the central issues or questions that you intend to address.

It outlines the general area of study within which research falls,


referring to the current state of knowledge and any recent debates
on the topic.
 The main purpose of a research proposal is to show that the

problem you propose to investigate is significant enough to warrant


the investigation, the method you plan to use is suitable and
feasible, and the results are likely to prove fruitful and will make an
original contribution.
Features of Research Proposal

1. Proposed activities
2. Stating objectives
3. Include preliminary information
4. Describe methodology
5. Significance
Purposes of Research Proposal

 Provide information
 Prepares plan
 Justifies rational
 Forms base for contract

 Reminds to researcher
 Informs research methodology
Types of Research Proposal

1. Solicited Proposal
2. Unsolicited Proposal
3. Academic Proposal
Components of Research Proposal

1. Title 8. Limitations of the study


2. Background of the study 9. Research methodology
3. Statement of the problem a. Research Design
b. Population and sample
4. Theoretical framework
c. Nature and sources of data
5. Statement of hypothesis
d. Analysis techniques
6. Definition of terminologies
10. References
7. Significance of the study
Research Report

 Research report is the systematic, articulate, and orderly


presentation of research work in a written form.
 Research report is a research document that contains basic aspects

of the research project.


 Research report involves relevant information on the research work

carried out. It may be in form of hand-written, typed, or


computerized.
 Research report is a written document containing key aspects of

research project.
 Research report is a medium to communicate research work with

relevant people.
 It is also a good source of preservation of research work for the

future reference.
 Preparation of research report is an art. It requires a good deal of

knowledge, imagination, experience, and expertise. It demands a


considerable time and money.
Process of Research Report

1. Logical analysis of subject matter


2. Preparation of the final outline
3. Preparation of rough draft
4. Rewriting and polishing the rough draft
5. Preparation of the final bibliography

6. Writing the final draft


Procedures of report writing

1. Preparation of outline
2. Time planning
3. Management of data
4. Start of writing report
5. Prepare the first draft

6. Put the report for some time


7. Review and rewrite
Conventions of Academic Writing

1. Do not use the first person noun 7. Presentation


2. Avoid emotional terms 8. Consistency in spelling format
3. Confidentiality 9. Abbreviations
4. Use of direct positive sentences 10.Use of opinions
5. Consistency 11. Use of non-English terms

6. Use of non-gender language


Components of Project Reports

1. Preliminary 3. Supplementary
2. Body of the report
Materials Materials

• • Chapter I:
Title page • Bibliography or
• Introduction
Certification
• Chapter II: Review References
• Declaration
of Literature
• Acknowledgements • Appendices
• Chapter III:
• Table of contents Research
• list of tables and methodology
figures • Chapter IV: Analysis
• Abbreviations used and Results
• Executive Summary • Chapter V:
Discussion,
Conclusions and
Implications
Methods of Referencing

 APA (American Psychological Association) style is most frequently used within

the social sciences, in order to cite various sources.


 How to Cite a Book in APA

 Author, A.A.. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Publisher City , State:

Publisher.
 Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

 How to Reference a Journal Article in APA

 Author, A.A.. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue),

pp.-pp.
 Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher

Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division
of the Council for Exceptional Children, 13(3-4), 147-148.
 How to Reference a Lecture in APA

Author, A.A.. (Publication Year). Name or title of lecture [file format].


Retrieved from URL
Saito, T. (2012). Technology and me: A personal timeline of educational
technology [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/Bclari25/educational-technology-ppt

 For more detail:

http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/apa/
Methods of citation?
Essentials of good research report

1. Precision
2. Accuracy of facts
3. Relevancy
4. Reader friendly
5. Simple language

6. Conciseness
7. Grammatical accuracy
8. Unbiased recommendation
9. Clarity
10. Attractive Presentation

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