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Introduction To Sampling

The document provides an overview of sampling methods used in research, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the population to derive meaningful insights. It distinguishes between biased sampling, which can lead to misleading conclusions, and unbiased probability sampling methods such as simple random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. Each method has its own advantages and applications, ensuring that research findings are reliable and valid.

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Miles Fernando
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13 views11 pages

Introduction To Sampling

The document provides an overview of sampling methods used in research, emphasizing the importance of accurately representing the population to derive meaningful insights. It distinguishes between biased sampling, which can lead to misleading conclusions, and unbiased probability sampling methods such as simple random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. Each method has its own advantages and applications, ensuring that research findings are reliable and valid.

Uploaded by

Miles Fernando
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Sampling

Sampling is a powerful tool used in research to collect


data from a smaller group, known as a sample, to
understand trends in a larger group called the population.
It is critical to ensure that the sample accurately
represents the characteristics of the population to get
meaningful insights. Sampling methods can be classified
into biased and unbiased.
by Miles Fernando
2 Types of Sampling

Nonprobability Sampling Probability Sampling


Nonprobability Sampling

Biased Sampling Consequences

Biased sampling occurs when the selection Biased samples can lead to inaccurate and
process unfairly favors certain individuals or misleading conclusions, jeopardizing the validity
groups, leading to a sample that does not of research findings. It's crucial to recognize
accurately represent the population. For and avoid potential biases to ensure reliable
example, conducting a survey at a shopping and representative results.
mall would favor people who are likely to visit a
mall, neglecting those who may prefer online
shopping.
Nonprobability Sampling

Convenience Sampling Purposive Sampling


Is a sampling strategy that Individuals are selected
involves selecting participants involves selecting participants
based on their accessibility and based on specific
availability to the researcher. characteristics or criteria.
Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling so called Unbiased sampling ensures that
all individuals in the population have an equal chance of being
selected for the sample.

This approach minimizes the risk of skewed results and


provides a more accurate reflection of the population's
characteristics.

Random Sampling
Random Sampling

Simple Random Systematic Sampling


Sampling
Every individual in the Individuals are selected
population has an at regular intervals
equal chance of being from a list, like picking
selected, like drawing every 10th name on a
names from a hat. roster.

Stratified Sampling Cluster Sampling


The population is The population is
divided into subgroups divided into clusters,
based on shared and then a random
characteristics, and sample of clusters is
then a random sample selected, including all
is taken from each individuals within those
subgroup. clusters.
Simple Random Sampling
Simple random sampling is the foundation of unbiased sampling, where every individual has an
equal chance of being selected. This method ensures that the sample accurately represents the
population, reducing the risk of biases and providing a fair and reliable basis for research findings.

Ex.
Random picker Software
Drawing cards (index cards)
Systematic Sampling
Systematic sampling is a practical method for selecting
individuals at regular intervals from a list. This technique
is efficient and can be easily applied in situations where a
complete list of the population is available. For example,
selecting every 10th person on a customer list for a
survey.1. Amintao, Mohammad Hamdee D. 13. Lapaz, Catherine M.
2. Busaco, Gabriella J 14. Luague, Armarie P.
3. Cabuz, Jermaine Romulus D.G
15. Luague, Sharon Joy A.
4. Cañete, Mark Anthony C.
16. Mundih, Sharalyn M.
5. Dela Cruz, Niko James P.
6. Deles, Danica Mae G. 17. Paquing, Benjielyn D.
7. Esperat, Gean Carl Andrew M. 18. Remote, Jhenedee A.
8. Espidillon, Angelyn D. 19. Sayre, Ariellah L.
9. Hassan, Nhur-Aina
20. Sereñas, Stephanie T.
10. Imbah, Nhurhida O.
21. Susulan, Albizon A.
11. Jamiri, Sherilyn S.
12. Juridico, Zimor P. 22. Usman, Fatima Parida U.
Systematic Sampling
𝑁
k=
𝑛
1. Amintao, Mohammad Hamdee D. 13. Lapaz, Catherine M.
2. Busaco, Gabriella J 14. Luague, Armarie P.
where k = sampling interval
3. Cabuz, Jermaine Romulus D.G
N = population size 15. Luague, Sharon Joy A.
4. Cañete, Mark Anthony C.
n = number of samples needed 16. Mundih, Sharalyn M.
5. Dela Cruz, Niko James P.
6. Deles, Danica Mae G. 17. Paquing, Benjielyn D.
7. Esperat, Gean Carl Andrew M. 18. Remote, Jhenedee A.
Once the end of the list was reached, if
8. Espidillon, Angelyn D. 19. Sayre, Ariellah L.
additional participants are required, the count 9. Hassan, Nhur-Aina
20. Sereñas, Stephanie T.
loops to the beginning of the list to finish the 10. Imbah, Nhurhida O.
21. Susulan, Albizon A.
count. 11. Jamiri, Sherilyn S.
12. Juridico, Zimor P. 22. Usman, Fatima Parida U.
Stratified Sampling
Stratified sampling ensures that subgroups within the
population are proportionally represented in the sample. This
technique is valuable when specific characteristics are
important for the research, like age or gender. It helps avoid
bias and provides more accurate insights related to those
characteristics.
Cluster Sampling

Cluster sampling is used when the population is naturally


divided into groups or clusters. This method selects a random
sample of clusters and then includes all individuals within
those selected clusters. It's efficient when dealing with
geographically dispersed populations or large groups, but it
can lead to less precise results compared to other methods.

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