Streams and Input/Output

Files
Part 3

1
Handling Primitive Data Types
 The basic input and output streams provide
read/write methods that can be used for
reading/writing bytes or characters.
 To read/write the primitive data types such
as integers and doubles, we can use filter
classes as wrappers on the existing I/O
streams to filter data to the original stream.
 The two filter classes supported for creating
“data streams” for primitive data types are:

DataInputStream

DataOutputStream

2
Hierarchy of Data Stream
Classes
Class Interface

FilterInputStream DataInput

DataInputStream

Class Interface

FilterOutputStream DataOutput

DataOutputtStream
3
Data Input Stream Creation
 Create Input File Stream:
 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(“InFile”);
 Create Input Data Stream:
 DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream( fis );
 The above statements wrap data input stream
(dis) on file input stream (fis) and use it as a
“filter”.
 Methods Supported:
 readBoolean(), readByte(), readChar(), readShort(),
readInt(), readLong(), readFloat(), readDouble()
 They read data stored in file in binary format.

4
Data Output Stream Creation
 Create Output File Stream:
 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(“OutFile”);
 Create Output Data Stream:
 DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream( fos );
 The above statements wrap data output stream
(dos) on file output stream (fos) and use it as a
“filter”.
 Methods Supported:
 writeBoolean(), writeByte(), writeChar(), writeShort(),
writeInt(), writeLong(), writeFloat(), writeDouble()
 They write data to file in binary format.
 How many bytes are written to file when for statements:

writeInt(120), writeInt(10120)

5
Data Streams Flow via Filter
 Write primitive data to the file using a
filter.
dos fos
filter binary stream mydata
Program

 Read primitive data from the file using a

filter. fis dis
mydata binary stream filter
Program Screen

6
Writing and Reading Primitive
Data
import java.io.*;
public class ReadWriteFilter {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// write primitive data in binary format to the "mydata" file
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("mydata");
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(fos);
dos.writeInt(120);
dos.writeDouble(375.50);
dos.writeInt('A'+1);
dos.writeBoolean(true);
dos.writeChar('X');
dos.close();
fos.close();

// read primitive data in binary format from the "mydata" file

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("mydata");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
System.out.println(dis.readInt());
System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
System.out.println(dis.readInt());
System.out.println(dis.readBoolean());
System.out.println(dis.readChar());
dis.close();
fis.close();
}
}

7
Program Run and Output
 C:\254\examples>java ReadWriteFilter
 120
 375.5
 66
 true
 X
 Display content of “mydata” file (in binary
format):
 C:\254\examples>type mydata

x@wx B☺ X
 What is the size of “mydata” file (in bytes) ?
 Size of int+double+int+boolean+char

8
Concatenating and Buffering
Streams
 Two or more input streams can be
combined into a single input stream. This
process is known as logical concatenation
of streams and is achieved using the
SequenceInputStream class.
 A SequenceInputStream starts out with an
ordered collection of input streams and
reads from the first one until end of file is
reached, whereupon it reads from the
second one, and so on, until end of file is
reached on the last of the contained input
streams.
9
Sequencing and Buffering of
Streams
 Buffered streams sit between the
program and data source/destination and
functions like a filter or support efficient
I/O. Buffered can be created using
BufferedInputStream and
BufferedOutputStream classes.
file1.dat
read()
file1+file2 Buffer Program
file2.dat Streams inBuffer
Sequencer write()

Buffer Screen
outputBuffer
10
 Example Program
import java.io.*;
public class CombineStreams {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// declare file streams
FileInputStream file1 = new FileInputStream("file1.dat");
FileInputStream file2 = new FileInputStream("file2.dat");
// declare file3 to store combined streams
SequenceInputStream file3 = null;
// concatenate file1 and file2 streams into file3
file3 = new SequenceInputStream(file1, file2);
BufferedInputStream inBuffer = new BufferedInputStream(file3);
BufferedOutputStream outBuffer = new BufferedOutputStream(System.out);
// read and write combined streams until the end of buffers
int ch;
while((ch = inBuffer.read()) != -1 )
outBuffer.write(ch);
outBuffer.flush(); // check out the output by removing this line
System.out.println("\nHello, This output is generated by CombineFiles.java program");
inBuffer.close();
outBuffer.close();
file1.close();
file2.close();
file3.close();
}
}

11
 Contents of Input Files

 The file1.dat contains:

 Hello,
 I am C++, born in AT&T.
 The file2.dat contains:
 Hello,
 I am Java, born in Sun Microsystems!

12
 Output
 C:\254\examples>java CombineStreams

Hello,

I am C++, born in AT&T.

Hello,

I am Java, born in Sun Microsystems!

Hello, This output is generated by CombineFiles.java
program
 If the statement outBuffer.flush() is removed,
the output will be:

Hello, This output is generated by CombineFiles.java
program

Hello,

I am C++, born in AT&T.

Hello,

I am Java, born in Sun Microsystems!

13
 Random Access Files
 So for we have discussed sequential files that are
either used for storing data and accessed (read/write)
them in sequence.
 In most real world applications, it is necessary to
access data in non-sequential order (e.g, banking
system) and append new data or update existing data.
 Java IO package supports RandomAccessFile class that
allow us to create files that can be used for reading
and/or writing with random access.
 The file can be open either in read mode (“r”) or read-
write mode (“rw”) as follows:

myFileHandleName = new RandomAccessFile (“filename”,
“mode”);
 The file pointer can be set to any to any location
(measured in bytes) using seek() method prior to
reading or writing.

14
 Random Access Example
import java.io.*;
public class RandomAccess {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
0
// write primitive data in binary format to the "mydata" file
RandomAccessFile myfile = new RandomAccessFile("rand.dat", "rw");
Int
myfile.writeInt(120);
myfile.writeDouble(375.50);
4
myfile.writeInt('A'+1);
myfile.writeBoolean(true); Double
myfile.writeChar('X');
// set pointer to the beginning of file and read next two items
myfile.seek(0); 12
System.out.println(myfile.readInt());
System.out.println(myfile.readDouble()); Int
//set pointer to the 4th item and read it
myfile.seek(16); boolean 16
System.out.println(myfile.readBoolean()); 17
// Go to the end and “append” an integer 2003 Char
myfile.seek(myfile.length());
myfile.writeInt(2003); 19
// read 5th and 6th items
myfile.seek(17);
Int
System.out.println(myfile.readChar());
System.out.println(myfile.readInt());
23
System.out.println("File length: "+myfile.length());
myfile.close();
}
}

15
 Execution and Output

 C:\254\examples>java
RandomAccess
 120
 375.5
 true
 X
 2003
 File length: 23

16
Streams and Interactive I/O
 Real world applications are designed to
support interactive and/or batch I/O
operations.
 Interactive programs allow users to interact
with them during their execution through
I/O devices such as keyboard, mouse,
display devices (text/graphical interface),
media devices (microphones/speakers), etc..

Java provides rich functionality for developing
interactive programs.
 Batch programs are those that are designed
to read input data from files and produce
outputs through files.

17
 Standard I/O

 The System class contains three I/O

objects (static)
 System.in – instance of InputStream

System.out – instance of PrintStream
 System.err – instance of PrintStream
 To perform keyboard input, we need
use functionalities of
DataInputStream and StringTokenizer
classes.
18
Reading Integer from Standard
Input
 Create buffered reader for standard input
by wrapping System.in object:

BufferedReader dis = new
BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));
 Read a line of text from the console

String str = dis.readLine();
 Create Tokenens

StringTokenizer st;

st = new StringTokenizer(str);
 Convert String Token into basic integer:

int stdID = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());

19
 Interactive IO Example
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class StudentRecord {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Create buffered reader for standard input
BufferedReader dis = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
StringTokenizer st;
// reading data from console
System.out.print("Enter Student ID: ");
st = new StringTokenizer(dis.readLine());
int stdID = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
System.out.print("Enter Student Name: ");
String stdName = dis.readLine();
System.out.print("Enter Student Marks: ");
st = new StringTokenizer(dis.readLine());
int stdMarks = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
// write to console
System.out.println("Student details are:");
System.out.println("ID: "+stdID);
System.out.println("Name: "+stdName);
System.out.println("Marks: "+stdMarks);
}
}

20
 Run and Output

 C:\254\examples>java
StudentRecord
 Enter Student ID: 2002010
 Enter Student Name: Mary Baker

Enter Student Marks: 85
 Student details are:

ID: 2002010

Name: Mary Baker
 Marks: 85
21
 Summary
 All Java I/O classes are designed to operate with
Exceptions.
 User Exceptions and your own handler with files
to manger runtime errors.
 Subclasses FileReader / FileWriter support
characters-based File I/O.
 FileInputStream and FileOutputStream classes
support bytes-based File I/O.
 Buffered read/write operations support efficient
I/O.
 DataInputStream and DataOutputStream classes
support rich I/O functionality.
 RandomAccessFile supports access to any data
items in files in any order.
22