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Physics Lab Mid

The document outlines a metal detector project, detailing its components, operation, and applications. Key components include the TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC, capacitors, resistors, a potentiometer, a transistor, a buzzer, and a coil. The metal detector is used for security screening, archaeology, and various hobbies, detecting metal objects both above and underground.

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17 views18 pages

Physics Lab Mid

The document outlines a metal detector project, detailing its components, operation, and applications. Key components include the TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC, capacitors, resistors, a potentiometer, a transistor, a buzzer, and a coil. The metal detector is used for security screening, archaeology, and various hobbies, detecting metal objects both above and underground.

Uploaded by

fawadadiluni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APPLIED PHYSICS

PHY-124

METAL DETEC-
TOR
01MUHAMMAD QASIM
IQBAL (FA24-EEE-034)
02 MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM
(FA24-EEE-033)

03 HUMZA MUNIR
(FA24-EEE-017)
)
04 MUHAMMAD FAWAD
ADIL (FA24-EEE-032)

TEAM
1.INTRODUCTION

2.COMPONENTS

3.EXPLANATION
OVERVIEW
Of the metal detector project ; 4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5.USES / CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION :

 Metal detector is a very common device that is used

for checking persons, luggage or bags in shopping malls,


hotels, cinema halls, etc.

 To ensure that person is not carrying any metals or

illegal things like guns, bombs etc. Metal Detectors detect


the presence of metals.
COMPONENTS :

 1 x TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC

 2 x 47nF Capacitors (Ceramic Capacitor code 473)

 1 x 1 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)

 1 x 330 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)

 1 x 100 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)

 1 x 5 KΩ Potentiometer

 1 x 2N2222A (NPN Transistor)

 1 x 5V Buzzer

 Coil (copper wire of 26 – 30 AWG is taken and it is wound in to a coil of diamater 5 – 6 cm and 140

– 150 turns)
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT : IC (TDA 0161)

 TDA0161 is a Proximity Detector IC manufactured

by STMicroelectronics. It can be used detect metal


objects by detecting the slight changes in the high
frequency Eddy current losses.
 The TDA0161 IC acts as an oscillator with the help

of externally tuned circuit.


CAPACITORS :

 The LC sensor detects the metals using one inductor

coil and one capacitor grouped in a parallel circuit.


 A Capacitor is crucial for generating and maintaining

the oscillating electromagnetic field that the detector


uses to detect metal objects
 The capacitor stores electrical energy and releases

it in a controlled manner, allowing the circuit to


resonate at a specific frequency
RESISTORS :

 In a metal detector circuit, resistors are used to

control the flow of current


 In a metal detector circuit, resistors are used for

preventing excessive current spikes that could


damage sensitive components
 They are used to precisely regulate voltage levels

within the circuit, which is crucial for accurate detection


of metal objects by ensuring the transmitting coil operates
at the desired power level.
POTENTIOMETER :

 A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with

a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable

voltage divider.
 A potentiometer is used in a metal detector circuit

to precisely adjust the operating frequency of the

detector coil
 The core function of a metal detector relies on

generating a specific frequency electromagnetic field

from the search coil, and the potentiometer allows for

fine adjustments to this frequency


TRANSISTOR:

 A 2N2222A transistor is commonly used in metal

detector circuits because it acts as a sensitive amplifier,


allowing the small electrical signal generated by
a metal object near the detector coil to be
significantly amplified, making it readily detectable
by the circuit's output stage, like a speaker or LED.
 This is due to its relatively high gain, low noise,

and readily available nature as a general-purpose


transistor.
BUZZER :

 A buzzer is used in a metal detector circuit to

provide an audible alert, signifying the presence of


metal when the detector's search coil comes close
to a metallic object.
 the buzzer beeps when metal is detected, allowing

the user to easily identify the location of the target.


 The buzzer acts as an audible signal, making it

easy for the user to know when a metal object


is nearby.
COIL/ INDUCTOR:

 A coil is used in a metal detector because it acts

as both a transmitter and receiver of electromagnetic


fields, generating a magnetic field that can interact
with metal objects in the ground, allowing the
detector to identify their presence by detecting
the disturbances in the field caused by the metal.
 The coil creates the necessary magnetic field to

detect metal targets by sending out a signal and


then receiving the altered signal reflected back from the metal object.
BREADBOARD:

 A breadboard is used in a metal detector circuit

to prototype and test the electronic components


before committing to a permanent solder-based
Circuit.
 Allowing for easy adjustments, modifications,

and troubleshooting of the connections and comp-


onent values before building the final detector
assembly, especially when using an Arduino or
microcontroller to manage the detection process.
CONNECTING WIRES:

 In a metal detector, connecting wires are used

to transmit the electrical signal generated by


the detector's circuitry to the search coil, which
creates the electromagnetic field used to detect
metal objects.
 They facilitate the flow of electricity between

the different components of the metal detector,


allowing it to function properly.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
USES :
 The metal detector is used for detecting the presence of any kind of metal in prox-
imity. It is an electronic device which can find the metal inclusions that are hidden
inside the objects or elsewhere. This device can also find metal objects that are hid-
den underground. :
 Security Screening: The metal detectors are commonly used for the security screen-
ing these days. The technology of metal detectors was first adopted by the US.
 Archeology: Metal detectors are very helpful in the detection of metal objects dur-
ing archeological activities.
 Hobby Purpose: Hobbies such as coin shooting, metal prospecting, beach combing,
metal hunting, and various others are fulfilled by using the metal detectors.

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