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Symmetrical Fault Analysis Updated

The document provides an overview of power systems, detailing components such as generation, transmission, and distribution. It explains symmetrical faults, their characteristics, causes, and the importance of their analysis for system protection. Additionally, it includes a fault analysis approach and a numerical example for calculating fault current.

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shaibzadamuntazir192003
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20 views20 pages

Symmetrical Fault Analysis Updated

The document provides an overview of power systems, detailing components such as generation, transmission, and distribution. It explains symmetrical faults, their characteristics, causes, and the importance of their analysis for system protection. Additionally, it includes a fault analysis approach and a numerical example for calculating fault current.

Uploaded by

shaibzadamuntazir192003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power System Analysis

Problem Based Learning

Muntazir Mehdi (Roll No: ELEN51F22R007)


M. Yousaf (Roll No: ELEN51F22R009)
Definition of Power System

A power system delivers electric power from generators to consumers through


transmission and distribution systems.
Power System Components

1. Generation
2. Transmission
3. Distribution
What is a Fault in Power System?

A fault is an abnormal flow of current caused by insulation failure, lightning, or short


circuits.
Types of Faults

1. Symmetrical Fault
2. Asymmetrical Faults:
- Single Line to Ground (L-G)
- Line to Line (L-L)
- Double Line to Ground (L-L-G)
Definition of Symmetrical Fault

A symmetrical fault affects all three phases equally and results in a balanced system with
high fault current.
Causes of Symmetrical Fault

1. Lightning strikes
2. Equipment failure
3. Short circuits between all three phases
Characteristics of Symmetrical
Fault
1. Balanced fault current
2. Simplified analysis
3. High severity
4. Rare occurrence
Importance of Symmetrical Fault
Analysis
Used to determine ratings of breakers and protective equipment.
Fault Analysis Approach

1. Use per-unit system


2. Thevenin equivalent circuit
3. Prefault voltage assumed 1.0 p.u.
Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Simplifies fault current calculations by reducing the network to a source and impedance.
Symmetrical Fault Current
Formula
I_f = E / Z_th
Diagram of Symmetrical Fault

Insert a diagram showing a three-phase short circuit at the generator terminals.


Numerical Example – Given Data

Generator voltage: 11 kV
Z_th = 0.5 + j2 Ω
Numerical Example – Solution
Steps
I_f = V / (√3 × Z_th)
= 11000 / (√3 × (0.5 + j2))
Numerical Example – Final
Answer
I_f ≈ 3085 A ∠ -75.96°
Interpretation of Result

High current can damage equipment and must be cleared quickly using protection
devices.
Protection Devices

1. Circuit breakers
2. Overcurrent relays
3. Differential protection
Summary

Symmetrical faults are rare, severe, and require simplified yet crucial analysis for system
protection.
Q/A Slide

1. What is a symmetrical fault?


2. Why is symmetrical fault analysis important?
3. How is fault current calculated?
4. What causes symmetrical faults?

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