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Chapter 1 Introduction To Robotics

The document provides an overview of the history and basics of robotics, tracing its development from ancient times to modern advancements in AI and automation. It introduces key concepts such as the elements of a robot, the use of Python and Linux in robotics, and the differences between Raspberry Pi and Arduino. The chapter concludes with a project overview for building a small mobile robot, emphasizing the foundational skills needed in the field of robotics.

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22 views16 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction To Robotics

The document provides an overview of the history and basics of robotics, tracing its development from ancient times to modern advancements in AI and automation. It introduces key concepts such as the elements of a robot, the use of Python and Linux in robotics, and the differences between Raspberry Pi and Arduino. The chapter concludes with a project overview for building a small mobile robot, emphasizing the foundational skills needed in the field of robotics.

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agigigwapo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION
TO ROBOTICS.
HISTORY OF ROBOTICS

 ANCIENT TIMES:
Automation and mechanical devices were developed in ancient
civilization like Egypt, Greece, and China.
 1920s:
Karel Čapek’s play “R.U.R” introduces the term “robot” to the world,
derived from the Czech word “robota” meaning “forced of labor”.
 1950s:
George Devol invents Unimate, the first industrial robot.
 1958:
Shakey, the first mobile robot with reasoning capabilities, is
developed at Standford Research Institute.
HISTORY OF ROBOTICS
 1960S:
Joseph Engelberger, known as the “Father of Robotics,”
commercializes Unimate and founds Unimation, a company
specializing in industrial robots.
 1970s:
The first robotic rover, Lunokhod1, was sent to the moon by the
Soviet Union.
 Late 1970s to Present:
Advances in AI and computer sciences continue to drive robot
development, leading to more sophisticated robots with greater
autonomy and intelligence.
INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS

 A robot is technology that applies logic to perform a task in an


automated manner. This is fairly broad definition, but robotics is a
fairly broad field. It can cover everything from a child’s toy to the
automatic parallel parking capabilities in some automobiles.
ROBOTICS BASICS
THERE ARE 3 ELEMENTS OF ROBOT:
 The ability to gather data.
 The ability to process, or do something with the gathered
data.
 The ability to interact with the environment.

In the following chapters, we apply this principal to build a small


mobile robot. We will ultrasonic rangefinders and infrared sensors to
gather data about the environment. Specifically, we will identify
when there is an object to be avoided, when we are about to drive
off the edge of a table, and the contrast between the table and the
line that we will follow. Once we have this data, we will apply logic
to determine the appropriate response.
ROBOTICS BASICS

 We will use Python in a Linux environment to process the


information and send commands to our motors. Why choose
Python as the programming language? Because it is easy to
learn, and you don’t have to have a complex development
environment to build some pretty complex applications.
LINUX AND ROBOTICS

 Linux is a Unix-based operating system. It is very popular with


programmers and computer scientists because it’s simple and
straightforward. They seem to enjoy the text-based interface of
the terminal. Yet, for many others, Linux can be very challenging.
When you work with robotics, you eventually have to confront
Linux. That’s just a fact. You can do a lot without ever typing a
single sudo command, but you will have limited capabilities.
The sudo command stands for super user do in Linux. This tells
the operating system that you are about to perform a protected
function that requires more than general user access. You will
learn more about this when we begin working with the Raspberry
Pi.
SENSOR AND GPIO
 GPIO stand for general -purpose input / output. It represents all
the various connections to devices.

 Sensor -is a device that gathers data.


MOTION AND CONTROL

 Motion - typically refers to movement or change in position,


often in a physical sense .

 Control - refers to the power to direct or regulate something,


often to achieve a specific outcome or maintain stability.
RASPBERRY Pi and ARDUINO
Raspberry Pi and Arduino are both super popular in electronics
and DIY projects, but they’re quite different:

 Arduino - is a microcontroller. It’s great for handling simple,


repetitive tasks like reading sensors, controlling motors, blinking
LEDs — basically real-time control tasks. It’s easy to program
(usually with C/C++).
RASPBERRY Pi AND ARDUINO

 Raspberry Pi - is a microcomputer. It runs a full operating


system (like Raspberry Pi OS, a version of Linux) and can do
much more complex things: web servers, games, machine
learning, networking, even desktop computing.
PROJECT OVERVIEW

 In this book, we will build a small mobile robot. The robot is


designed to demonstrate the lessons that you learn in each
chapter. However, before we can actually build the robot, we
need to cover a lot of material and lay the foundation for future
lessons.
THE ROBOT

 We're going to build a small robot with either two or four wheels.
It’ll be smart enough to spot obstacles, avoid falling off tables,
and follow a line. I picked a four-wheeled setup for this project,
but there are plenty of other designs you could use too.
BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)

 is a document that lists all the parts, materials, and components


needed to build, manufacture, or repair a product. It’s very
important in industries like manufacturing, construction, and
engineering.
SUMMARY

 Getting started in robotics does not need to be difficult. It is


challenging, however. This chapter is an introduction to a few of
the skills that you need to develop if you are to succeed in this
field.
GROUP 3 MEMBERS:

o AYUNTING AISAH.
o ABELLAR, ALFRED MARCELIN.
o CARILLAGA, PRECIOUS JEWEL A.
o DAGALA,
o ESTRELLADO, JUSTINE.
o NARCISO, GRACELYN H.
o PI

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