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Maths

The document discusses sequences and series, focusing on the Cauchy’s root test for determining convergence. It defines finite and infinite sequences, as well as convergent and divergent sequences, and provides mathematical proofs and examples to illustrate the Cauchy root test. The document concludes with examples demonstrating the application of the test to determine the convergence of specific series.

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26 views11 pages

Maths

The document discusses sequences and series, focusing on the Cauchy’s root test for determining convergence. It defines finite and infinite sequences, as well as convergent and divergent sequences, and provides mathematical proofs and examples to illustrate the Cauchy root test. The document concludes with examples demonstrating the application of the test to determine the convergence of specific series.

Uploaded by

ayushnono4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTION

INDORE [M.P]

1 S T Y E A R - C S E - ‘A’

UNIT :- SEQUENCES AND


SERIES

 Cauchy’s root test

SUBMITTED BY
Aayush chinchkhede
AAYUSH CHOUHAN
AAYUSH GUPTA SUBMITTED TO
ABHIJEET GIRI PROF. AYAZ AHMED PATHAN SI
Ashwin puri
WHAT IS SEQUENCE?

The different numbers occurring in any


particular sequence are known as terms. The
terms of a sequence are denoted by

a1, a2, a3,….,an

If a sequence has a finite number of terms then it


is known as a finite sequence. A sequence is
termed as infinite if it is not having a definite
number of terms.
KEY POINT

Convergent sequence
Convergent sequences have a finite limit. It
means at a point, the whole series will
converge to a single value. For

• Divergent sequence
Divergent sequences do not have a finite
limit.
CAUCHY ’S ROOT TEST

The series∑un of positive terms is


convergent if (un)1/n < r < 1 for all values
of n ≥ m, where m is finite. The series is
divergent if (un) 1/n ≥ 1 for all n ≥ m.
 Proof . Ignoring a finite number of terms , let the series be

u1 + u 2 + u3 + u4 + u5 + u6 + ………. un

f(Un) 1/n
< r bullet then Un < rn .

Therefore,
u1 + u2 +u3 ……… +un + …… <r + r2 + …. + rn + …

∑Un < r /1 - r , which is a fixed number being


independent of
n
. Hence the series ∑un is convergent .
(ii) If (un )1 / n > = 1, then u n >= 1 for all values of n >= m,

 Since every term of the series is greater than or equal to 1.


Hence the series ∑un is divergent.

 Note. Cauchy root test may be stated as follows and is


convenient to apply in problems.

(a) The series ∑ u n is convergent if lim n ∞ (u n) 1/n


< 1.
(b) The series ∑ un is a divergent, if lim n ∞ (u n) 1/n
< 1.
(c) The test fails if lim n ∞ (u n) 1/n
= 1.
QUESTION

Example – 1 Test the Convergence of


Test the convergence of the series:

Q ∑ nn /(n+1)n ​

un=nn/(n+1)n

un 1/n
= ( nn / ( n + 1)n )1/n
= n/n+1

un1/n = (1 - 1/ n + 1 )1/n (as n ∞)

limn ∞ un 1/n
= 1/e < 1

Ans = when n tends to infinite given series is 0 which is less then 1


it means
Convergent
QUESTION

Q . ∑ un = (1+1/n)-
n^2

(un ) = (1+ 1/n)-n^2

(un )1/n = (1+ 1/n)-n

lim n-> (un ) = limn->∞ 1/ (1 + 1/n)n


= 1/e <1. ans

Hence the given series is convergent .


THANK
YOU

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