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Exception Handling 2

The document provides an overview of exception handling in C++ using concepts such as Try-Catch-Throw, Multiple Catch, Catch All, and Rethrowing Exceptions. It explains what an exception is, how to handle it, and includes code examples for clarity. The document emphasizes the importance of managing unexpected events during runtime to maintain normal program flow.

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atomicl1971
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11 views17 pages

Exception Handling 2

The document provides an overview of exception handling in C++ using concepts such as Try-Catch-Throw, Multiple Catch, Catch All, and Rethrowing Exceptions. It explains what an exception is, how to handle it, and includes code examples for clarity. The document emphasizes the importance of managing unexpected events during runtime to maintain normal program flow.

Uploaded by

atomicl1971
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject : Object Oriented Programming with C++

Topic : Exception Handling


Contents
 Introduction to Exception
 Try – Catch – Throw
 Multiple Catch
 Catch All
 Rethrowing Exception
What is exception?
 An exception is an unexpected event that occurs
during runtime and causes normal program flow to
be disrupted.

 Some Examples are:


– Divide by zero errors
– Accessing the elements of an array beyond limit.
– Invalid Input etc.
How do we Handle
Exception?
There are different types of mechanism
used to handle the exception and some
of them are as follow:
• Try-Catch-Throw.
• Multiple Catch.
• Catch All.
• Rethrowing Exception.
• Implementing Exception.
Try-Catch-
 Try Throw
key word is used to preface a block of statements
which may generate exceptions.
 This block is known as Try block.
 When an exception is detected, it is thrown using the
Throw statement in the try block.
 The Catch block catches the exception thrown by the try
block.
 The catch block must immediately follow the try block
that throws the exception.
try block

Detects and throws an


exception

Exception
object

catch block

Catches and handles the


exception

Figure : The block throwing exception


Syntax:
……
……
try
{
…
…
t
h
r
o
w

e
x
c
e
Example:
Try Block Throwing an Exception
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<“enter values of a and b:”;
cin>>a>>b;
int x = a-b;
try
{
if(x != 0) {
cout<<“\n
result(a/x)
=“<<a/x<<
“\n”;

}
else
Multiple Catch
 It is possible that a program segment
has more than one condition to throw an
exception.
 In such cases we can associate more
than one Catch statement with a single
try block.
 When an exception is thrown , the
exception handlers are searched in order
for an appropriate match.
 It is possible that argument of several
catch statements match the type of an
exception.
 In such cases, the first handler that
matches the exception type is executed.
Syntax:
try
{
//try block
}
catch(type 1 arg)
{
//catch block 1
}
catch(type 2 arg)
{
//catch block 2
}
……
catch(type N arg)
{
// catch blockN
}
Example:
Multiple Catch Statements
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void test(int x)
{
try
{
if(x == 1) throw x;
else if(x==0) throw ‘x’;
else if( x== -1) throw
1.0;
}
catch(char c) { cout<<“caught a character”; }
catch(int m) { cout<<“caught an integer;” }
catch(double b) { cout<<“caught a double;” }
}
int main()
{
test(1);
test(0);
test(-1);
Catch
All
 In some situations, we may not be able to
anticipate all possible types of exceptions and
therefore may not be able to design independent
catch handler to catch them.
 In such circumstances, we can force a catch
statement to catch all the exceptions instead of
certain type alone.
 Syntax:
catch(…)
{
//statements for processing
//all exceptions
}
Example:
Catching All
#include<iostream.h>
Statements
#include<conio.h>
void test(int x)
{
try
{
if(x == 1) throw x;
else if(x==0) throw ‘x’;
else if( x== -1) throw
1.0;
}
catc
h(…
)
{ co
ut<<
“cau
ght
an
exce
ption
”; }
}
Rethrowing Exception
 A handler may decide to rethrow the
exception caught without processing it.
 In such situation, we may simply invoke
throw without any argument as shown
below:
throw;
 This causes the current exception to be
thrown to the next enclosing try/catch
sequence and is caught by a catch
statement listed after that enclosing try
block
Example:
Re-throw an Exception
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void sub(int i,int j)
{
cout<<“inside function sub()”;
try
{
if(j==0) { throw j; }
else
{ cout<<“subtraction=“<<i-
j<<“\n”; }
}catch(int)
{
cout<<“caught null value”;
throw;
}
cout<<“end of sub()”;
}
int main()
{
cout<<“\n inside function main”;
try{
sub(8,5);
sub(0,5);
}
catch(int){
cout<<“caught null inside
main”;
}
cout<<“end of main()”;
return 0;
}
THANK YOU

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