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Social Processes

The document discusses social processes, which are the various forms of social relationships and interactions among individuals in society. It categorizes these processes into associative (like cooperation and assimilation) and dissociative (like competition and conflict) types, emphasizing the importance of cooperation as a foundational social process. Cooperation is defined as working together towards common goals and is essential for social existence and resolving both individual and international issues.

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13 views11 pages

Social Processes

The document discusses social processes, which are the various forms of social relationships and interactions among individuals in society. It categorizes these processes into associative (like cooperation and assimilation) and dissociative (like competition and conflict) types, emphasizing the importance of cooperation as a foundational social process. Cooperation is defined as working together towards common goals and is essential for social existence and resolving both individual and international issues.

Uploaded by

fatimaasghar837
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOCIAL PROCESSES

LECTURE: 09
WAQAS ALI KHAN
UNIVERSITY OF NAROWAL
SOCIAL
PROCESSES
• Society is a system of social relationships.
• The term social relationship refers to the relationship that exists
among people.
• The relationship between father and son, employer and employee,
teacher and student, leader and follower, etc.
• Such relationships are among the most obvious features of society.
• The social relationships may be studied by the kind or mode of
interaction they exhibit.
• These kinds or modes of interaction are called social
processes.
FORMS OF SOCIAL
PROCESSES
• The society contains hundreds and perhaps thousands of socially
defined relationships.
• These relationships are beyond measurement.
• It is humanly impossible for any individual to make a detailed study of
each and every social relationship.
• For this reason social relationships have been classified and discussed
in terms of the ‘kinds of interaction’.
• These kinds of interaction or patterns of interaction are called social
processes.
ASSOCIATIVE
PROCESS
• Cooperation
• Accommodation
• Assimilation
DISSOCIATIVE
PROCESS
• Competition
• Conflict
• Contravention
• Differentiation
• Disintegration
CO-
OPERATION
• ‘Co-operation’ is one of most basic, pervasive and continuous social
processes.
• It is the very basis of social existence.
• Cooperation generally means working together for the pursuit of a
common goal.
• The term ‘cooperation’ is derived from the two Latin words: ‘Co’
meaning together and ‘operari’ meaning to work.
• Literally, cooperation means ‘joint work or working together for
common rewards’.
DEFINITIO
N
• Merrill and Eldredge – ‘Cooperation is a form of social interaction
wherein two or more persons work together to gain a common end’.
• A.W. Green – ‘Cooperation is the continuous and common endeavour
of two or more persons to perform a task or to reach a goal that is
commonly cherished’.
• Fairchild – ‘Cooperation is the process by which the individuals or
groups combine their effort, in a more or less organised way for the
attainment of common objective’.
• Cooperation is ‘joint activity in pursuit of common goals or shared
rewards’.
TYPES OF CO-
OPERATION
• Direct cooperation
• Indirect cooperation
• Primary cooperation
• Secondary cooperation
TYPES OF CO-
OPERATION
• Direct co-operation
• The individuals involved do the identical function.
• Example. Playing together, worshipping together, etc.
• People do work in company with other members.

• Indirect co-operation
• People work individually for the attainment of a common end.
• This is based on the principle of division of labour and specialisation.
• Example. Farmers, spinners, weavers, dyers, tailors are different people
engaged in different activities.
• But their end remains the same, that of producing clothes.
TYPES OF CO-
OPERATION
• PRIMARY CO-OPERATION
• IT IS FOUND IN PRIMARY GROUPS SUCH AS FAMILY, NEIGHBOURHOOD, FRIENDS’
GROUP ETC.
• SECONDARY CO-OPERATION
• FEATURE OF THE MODERN CIVILISED SOCIETY AND IS FOUND MAINLY IN
SECONDARY GROUPS.
• IT IS HIGHLY FORMALISED AND SPECIALIZED.
ROLE OF CO-OPERATION IN SOCIAL
LIFE
• It has made our social life possible and liveable.
• It surrounds us on all sides.
• It is both a Social, psychological and a biological necessity.
• MacIver and Page say – man cannot associate without co-operating,
without working together in the pursuit of like or common interests.
• It is needed not only among the individuals, associations, groups and
communities but also among the nations.
• It provides solution for many international problems and disputes.

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