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Lect 11 Adders

The document discusses the concept of a summing amplifier using operational amplifiers (op-amps), explaining its function to produce an output voltage proportional to the negative sum of multiple input voltages. It covers configurations for both unity-gain and gain greater than one, as well as applications for averaging and scaling inputs. Additionally, it includes numerical examples to illustrate the calculations involved in determining output voltages.

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10 views18 pages

Lect 11 Adders

The document discusses the concept of a summing amplifier using operational amplifiers (op-amps), explaining its function to produce an output voltage proportional to the negative sum of multiple input voltages. It covers configurations for both unity-gain and gain greater than one, as well as applications for averaging and scaling inputs. Additionally, it includes numerical examples to illustrate the calculations involved in determining output voltages.

Uploaded by

wakeelsahito12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Electronics

Summing Amplifier with Op-Amp

1
Fair Use Notice

The material used in this presentation i.e., pictures/graphs/text, etc. is solely


intended for educational/teaching purpose, offered free of cost to the students for
use under special circumstances of Online Education due to COVID-19 Lockdown
situation and may include copyrighted material - the use of which may not have
been specifically authorised by Copyright Owners. It’s application constitutes Fair
Use of any such copyrighted material as provided in globally accepted law of many
countries. The contents of presentations are intended only for the attendees of the
class being conducted by the presenter.
Summing Amplifier
• The summing amplifier is an application of the inverting op-amp
configuration.

• A summing amplifier has two or more inputs, and its output


voltage is proportional to the negative of the algebraic sum of its
input voltages.
Summing Amplifier
• A two-input summing amplifier is shown in Figure, but any
number of inputs can be used.

• Two voltages VIN1 and VIN2, are applied to the inputs and
produce currents I1 and 12, as shown.
Summing Amplifier
• Using the concepts of infinite input impedance and virtual
ground, you can see that the inverting (-) input of the op-amp
is approximately 0V, and there is no current at the input.
• This means that both input currents I1 and I2­ combine at this
summing point and form the total current (IT), which goes
through Rf as indicated in Figure.

𝐼 𝑇 =𝐼 1+ 𝐼 2
Summing Amplifier
Since

 If three resistors are equal

Equation shows that the output voltage has the same magnitude as
the sum of the two input voltages but with a negative sign, indicating
inversion.
Summing Amplifier
A general expression for a unity-gain summing amplifier with
n inputs, as shown in Figure where all resistors are equal in
value.
Numerical
Determine the output voltage for the summing amplifier
shown in figure
Summing Amplifier with Gain Greater than 1

• When Rf is larger than the input resistors, the amplifier has­ a


gain of (Rf/R), where R is the value of each equal-value input
resistor.
• The general expression for the output is

• The output has the same magnitude as the sum of all the input
voltages multiplied by a constant determined by the ratio
(Rf/R).

• An inverting amplifier has a gain of Acl = -Rf/Ri


Numerical
• Determine the output of the summing amplifier shown in
figure
Solution
Averaging Amplifier
• A summing amplifier can be made to produce the
mathematical average of the input voltages. This is done by
setting the ratio Rf/R equal to the reciprocal of the number of
inputs (n).

• Obtain the average of several numbers by first adding the


numbers and then dividing by the quantity of numbers you
have.
Numerical
• Show that the amplifier shown in figure produces an output
whose magnitude is the mathematical average of the input
voltages
Solution
Since the input resistors are equal, R = 100 kΩ

The Output voltage is


++)

25
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =− (1+ 2+3+ 4 )
100
1
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =− (10 ) Average of input voltages
4

( 1+ 2+3+ 4 )
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =−2.5 𝑉 𝑉 𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
4

𝑉 𝑎𝑣𝑔 =2.5 V
Scaling Adder
• A different weight can be assigned to each input of a summing
amplifier by simply adjusting the values of the input resistors.
As you have seen, the output voltage can be expressed as

• The smaller the value of input resistance the greater the weight
and vice versa
Numerical
• Determine the weight of each input voltage for the scaling
adder in Figure and find the output voltage.
Solution

Weight of input 1 =

Weight of input 2 =

Weight of input 3 =
Solution

The output voltage is

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