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Data Visualization Techniques

The document outlines various data visualization techniques including histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, time series plots, pie charts, bar charts, and line plots, highlighting their purposes and applications. Each technique is accompanied by instructions on how to create them using Minitab software. These visualization methods are essential for summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting datasets effectively.

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Kerwin Dela Torre Lumasag
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3 views

Data Visualization Techniques

The document outlines various data visualization techniques including histograms, boxplots, scatterplots, time series plots, pie charts, bar charts, and line plots, highlighting their purposes and applications. Each technique is accompanied by instructions on how to create them using Minitab software. These visualization methods are essential for summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting datasets effectively.

Uploaded by

Kerwin Dela Torre Lumasag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data

Visualization
Techniques
Ed Neil O. Maratas, M.A.
Adjunct CCS Faculty
Outline:
Histogram
Boxplot
Scatterplot
Time Series Plot
Pie Chart
Bar Chart
Line Plot
Introduction

Data visualization techniques


play a crucial role in
summarizing, analyzing, and
interpreting datasets.

Different types of graphs help in


understanding distributions,
trends, relationships, and
comparisons.
Histogram
graphical representation of the
distribution of numerical data, using
adjacent bars to show frequency.

Histograms help in identifying the


shape of the data distribution (e.g.,
normal, skewed, uniform, bimodal).

Unusual bars at extreme ends may


indicate potential outliers.

The width and height of bars provide


insights into the spread of data
Histogram using Minitab
Open Minitab and enter your data into a
column in the worksheet.
Click Graph > Histogram.
Select Simple Histogram or With Fit (to
include a normal distribution curve).
Choose the column containing your numerical data.

Click OK to generate the histogram.

Identify the shape of the distribution (e.g., normal,


skewed, bimodal).

Determine the range and frequency of values in


each bin.
Note any potential outliers.

Compare distributions across different groups if


applicable.
Boxplot (Box-and-Whisker
Plot)
provides a five-number summary of the data: minimum, first
quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), and maximum.

It highlights central tendency, spread, and outliers.

Boxplots provide a quick summary of


variability and central tendency.
Points outside the whiskers indicate potential
outliers.
Side-by-side boxplots help compare
distributions across categories.
A boxplot shows whether data is symmetricall
distributed.
Boxplot using Minitab
Open Minitab and input your dataset into a colum
Click Graph > Boxplot.
Choose One Y Variable (for a single dataset) or
Multiple Y’s (to compare groups).
Select the column containing numerical data.
Click OK to generate the boxplot.
Scatterplot
A scatterplot is a graph that displays the
relationship between two numerical variables.

Identifying Correlations: It helps determine


whether two variables have a positive, negative,
or no correlation.
Detecting Trends: Patterns in the scatterplot
may indicate linear or non-linear relationships.

Identifying Outliers: Points far from the trend


line indicate unusual values.

Predictive Analysis: Regression lines in


scatterplots help predict one variable based on
another.
Scatterplot using Minitab
Open Minitab and enter two numerical
variables into two separate columns.

Click Graph > Scatterplot.

Select Simple Scatterplot or With Regression


Line (to analyze trends).

Choose the X-axis and Y-axis variables.

Click OK to generate the scatterplot.


Time Series Plot
A time series plot is a graph that displays
data points in chronological order. It is useful
for:
Tracking Trends Over Time: Time series plots
help visualize patterns such as increasing,
decreasing,
Identifyingor fluctuating
Seasonal trends. Helps in
Patterns:
detecting periodic variations (e.g., summer vs.
winter sales trends).
Forecasting Future Trends: Time series plots
aid in predicting future values based on historical
data.
Detecting Anomalies: Sudden spikes or drops
indicate unusual events.
Time Series Plot using
Minitab
Open Minitab and enter two numerical
variables into two separate columns.

Click Graph > Scatterplot.

Select Simple Scatterplot or With Regression


Line (to analyze trends).

Choose the X-axis and Y-axis variables.

Click OK to generate the scatterplot.


Pie Chart
A pie chart is a circular representation where
each slice represents a proportion of a whole
dataset. It is useful for:
Displaying Proportions: Helps in
understanding how different categories
contribute
Comparing toRelative
a total. Sizes: It visually
compares different segments within a dataset.

Easy Interpretation: Ideal for presenting data


to non-technical audiences.

Highlighting Dominant Categories: It quickly


identifies which category has the highest or
lowest proportion.
Pie Chart using Minitab
Open Minitab and enter category labels in one
column and their corresponding counts in
another.
Click Graph > Pie Chart.

Choose Summarized Data (if you have pre-


calculated values) or Raw Data (if Minitab
should count occurrences).
Select the column with categories and the
corresponding values.
Click OK to generate the pie chart.
Bar Chart
A bar chart represents categorical data using
rectangular bars, where the length of each bar
corresponds to the frequency or proportion of a
category. It is useful for:
Comparing Different Categories: Helps in
analyzing variations between groups.
Tracking Changes Over Time: Useful for
visualizing trends in discrete time periods.
Presenting Survey Results: Bar charts
summarize responses from surveys efficiently.
Grouping and Stacking Data: Stacked bar
charts help in comparing subcategories within a
dataset.
Pie Chart using Minitab
Open Minitab and enter categorical labels in
one column and their frequencies in another.

Click Graph > Bar Chart.

Choose Counts of Unique Values (if Minitab


should count occurrences) or Summarized Data
(if counts are pre-calculated).
Select the categorical column for the X-axis and
the numerical column for the Y-axis.
Click OK to generate the bar chart.
Line Plot
A line plot (or line graph) represents data
points connected by lines to show trends and
relationships over time or sequential categories.
It is useful for:
Tracking Continuous Changes: Line plots
effectively show how values evolve over time.
Comparing Multiple Trends: Different lines
can represent multiple variables.
Highlighting Peaks and Dips: The slopes of
the lines reveal acceleration or deceleration in
trends.
Making Forecasts: Used in predictive analytics
and financial modeling.
Line Plot using Minitab
Open Minitab and input X-axis values (e.g.,
time) in one column and Y-axis values (e.g.,
sales) in another.
Click Graph > Line Plot in the toolbar.

Choose Simple for a single data series or


Multiple Y’s for comparison.

Select the Y-variable (dependent variable) and


X-variable (independent variable).
Edit labels, change line colors, add gridlines, and
adjust markers.

Identify trends, seasonal patterns, and anomalies


in the data.
The End!

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