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Automatic Control Systems in Mechanical Engineering

Automatic control systems are vital in mechanical engineering for optimizing complex processes across various industries. They utilize feedback mechanisms, sensors, and actuators to maintain desired outputs despite disturbances. Future advancements in technology, including AI and IoT integration, will enhance the efficiency and adaptability of these systems.

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50 views9 pages

Automatic Control Systems in Mechanical Engineering

Automatic control systems are vital in mechanical engineering for optimizing complex processes across various industries. They utilize feedback mechanisms, sensors, and actuators to maintain desired outputs despite disturbances. Future advancements in technology, including AI and IoT integration, will enhance the efficiency and adaptability of these systems.

Uploaded by

abithek03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Control Systems

in Mechanical Engineering
Automatic control systems are essential for modern mechanical engineering,
enabling precise operation and optimization in complex processes. This
presentation explores the fundamental principles and applications of these
systems, highlighting their crucial role in various industries.

by Abith
Introduction to Automatic Control
Definition History

Automatic control is the use of devices to regulate and maintain a Early examples include the steam engine governor, which
desired system output, even in the presence of disturbances or automatically adjusted the steam flow to maintain constant
variations in operating conditions. speed.
Feedback Control Principles
Closed-loop control
Uses feedback to compare actual output to desired setpoint,
adjusting the control signal to minimize the error.

Open-loop control
Does not use feedback, relying on pre-programmed
instructions and does not adjust to disturbances.
Sensors and Transducers

Pressure sensors Temperature sensors


Measure pressure variations in fluids Detect variations in temperature,
or gases, used in hydraulic systems or crucial in engine control and HVAC
gas pipelines. systems.

Position sensors Speed sensors


Provide real-time location data, used Measure rotational or linear speed,
in robotics, machine tools, and used in motor control and vehicle
automated guided vehicles. speed control.
Actuators and Control Valves
Hydraulic actuators Electric motors
Convert hydraulic pressure into Convert electrical energy into
linear or rotational motion, used mechanical motion, used in
in heavy machinery and robotics. pumps, fans, and other rotating
equipment.

Control valves
Regulate the flow of fluids, used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems to
control pressure, flow, and direction.
PID Control Algorithms

Proportional (P)
1 Control action is proportional to the error.

Integral (I)
2
Accumulates past error, eliminating steady-state error.

Derivative (D)
3 Predicts future error based on the rate of change, improving
response time.
Stability and Optimization

Stability
1
Ensures the system remains stable and does not oscillate uncontrollably.

Optimization
2 Finding the best control parameters for desired performance,
balancing accuracy, speed, and energy efficiency.
Applications in Mechanical Systems

1 2
Robotics Engine Control
Precise motion control for robotic arms in Regulates engine parameters like fuel
manufacturing and automation. injection and ignition timing for optimal
performance and emissions.

3
HVAC
Maintains comfortable temperature and
humidity levels in buildings and industrial
facilities.
Conclusion and Future Trends
Automatic control systems continue to evolve with advancements in computing power, artificial intelligence, and sensor technology. The
integration of control systems with other technologies, such as IoT and cloud computing, promises further improvements in efficiency,
reliability, and adaptability.

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