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Ch. 4 Beam Design

Module 4 covers the analysis and design of rectangular beams, focusing on essential concepts such as moment capacity, beam proportions, deflections, and minimum reinforcement requirements. It includes guidelines for beam sizes, cantilever and continuous beams, and provides design examples for calculating reinforcement area based on known and unknown dimensions. The document emphasizes the importance of adhering to ACI codes and optimizing design for structural efficiency.

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11 views44 pages

Ch. 4 Beam Design

Module 4 covers the analysis and design of rectangular beams, focusing on essential concepts such as moment capacity, beam proportions, deflections, and minimum reinforcement requirements. It includes guidelines for beam sizes, cantilever and continuous beams, and provides design examples for calculating reinforcement area based on known and unknown dimensions. The document emphasizes the importance of adhering to ACI codes and optimizing design for structural efficiency.

Uploaded by

fa2res2002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 4:

Analysis and Design of


Rectangular Beams

1
Basic Concepts

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3
 M n M u
Mu = Moment due to factored loads (required
ultimate moment)
Mn = Nominal moment capacity of the cross-section
using nominal dimensions and specified
material strengths.
f = Strength reduction factor (Accounts for
variability in dimensions, material strengths,
approximations in strength equations.
4
Beam Proportions

Beams 5 to 7.5 m long – d/b


approximately 1-1/2 to 2

Longer beams – d/b approximately 3 to 4


Shallower beams result in reduced floor
height

Beam widths are usually in multiples of 5 cm


or 10 cm

5
Deflections
Deflections may be calculated
Short-term and long-term deflections
ACI Code provides minimum depth – deflection
calculation not required (Table 9.5)
If deflections are calculated, ACI minimum
values are not mandatory
ACI minimums apply only to members
supporting construction not likely to be
damaged by large deflections
6
CE432 Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 7
CE432 Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 9
Minimum Steel
Reinforcement
Member Weight
The weight of a member is a load which
must be supported by the members
Member weight is not known until the
member is designed
SWAG the member weight– design the
Estimate
beam – refine estimate of member
weight
Redesign the member – refine weight
estimate if necessary

11
Minimum
Edge
Distance

12
Minimum Spacing of Bars
ACI Section 7.6 – minimum clear distance
between bars is the larger of the bar
diameter or 1 in
If layers of bars are used, bars in the
upper layer are required to be placed
directly over those in the lower layer
ACI Code Section 3.3.2 limits maximum
aggregate size, based on bar spacing –
for ¾ in. max agg size, max. bar
spacing = 1 in.
13
Aggregate Size and Bar
Spacing
Aggregate size is limited to:

(a)one-fifth narrowest dimension between


side forms
(b)one-third slab depth
(c) three-fourths minimum clear spacing of
bars

14
Development Length and Bar
Spacing
Development length varies with cover and
bar spacing

Larger values of cover and / or bar spacing


result in smaller development length

It may be economical to increase cover


and / or bar spacing in order to reduce
development length

15
Design Aids
 1  fy 
M u  As f y d  1  ' 
 1.7 f c 
As  bd
 1  fy 
M u  bdf y d  1  ' 
 1.7 f c 
Mu  1  fy 
 f y  1  ' 
Rn
 bd 2
 1.7 f c 
Mu
Rn 
 bd 2
0.85 f c'  2 Rn 
 reqd   1  1  
fy  0.85 f16c' 
Beam Sizes
Only a few beam sizes should be used in a
particular floor system

Beam subject to largest moment should be


sized to be as small as practical

Size other beams in the floor system


similarly and use less steel for those
beams that support smaller moment

17
Cantilever Beams
Cantilever beams are subject to negative
moment throughout the length

For cantilever beams, the largest moment


occurs at the face of the support

For cantilever beams, the largest steel


requirement occurs at the face of the
support

18
Cantilever Beams

19
Continuous Beams
Continuous beams are statically
indeterminate
Both positive and negative moments occur
in continuous beams
The largest negative moment occurs over
the supports
The largest positive moment occurs near
midspan
Both positive and negative moment
reinforcing steel is required
20
Continuous Beams

21
Design Examples

22
Example: Design of Reinforcement when b
and h are known
For architectural reasons, it is necessary
that the beam shown in the figure be
600mm wide by 600mm deep. The
strength of the concrete and steel are
20MPa and 420MPa, respectively. In
addition to its own dead load, this beam
carries a superimposed service dead load
of 15kN/m and a service live load of
37kN/m. Compute the area of
reinforcement required at midspan, and
select the reinforcement bars.
24
Solution:

25
CE432 26
Design of Beams when b and h are not known:

The second type of design problem involves finding


b, d and As. Three sets of decisions must be made here.
These are :
- Estimate of beam own weight ≈ 10 to 20% of carried loads
- Selection of a trial steel percentage : ρ ≈ 0.01
- Selection of beam dimensions: h ≈ 8 to 10% of the beam
span, b ≈ 0.5h.

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Solution

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