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MEMORY

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9 views10 pages

MEMORY

Uploaded by

Pankaj Sardana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INSTITUTE OF Bachelor of Business

Administration

Subject: Software Solution for Business


Subject code: 22BAH-155

PREPARED BY: Er. Manpreet kaur


Unit 1: Introduction to computer Assistant Professor
(UIC Department)
Microprocessor and Memory
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Block diagram of
Microcomputer
Introduction of memory

• Computer memory is the storage space in the computer,


where data is to be processed and instructions required for
processing are stored. The memory is divided into large
number of small parts called cells. Each location or cell has a
unique address, which varies from zero to memory size minus
one.
Types of Memory
• There are technically two types of computer memory: primary and
secondary. The term memory is used as a synonym for
primary memory or as an abbreviation for a specific type of
primary memory called random access memory (RAM). This type
of memory is located on microchips that are physically close to a
computer's microprocessor.
• If a computer's central processer (CPU) had to only use a
secondary storage device, computers would become much slower.
In general, the more memory (primary memory) a computing
device has, the less frequently the computer must access
instructions and data from slower (secondary) forms of storage.
• Cache memory. This temporary storage area, known as a cache, is more readily available to the
processor than the computer's main memory source. It is also called CPU memory because it is
typically integrated directly into the CPU chip or placed on a separate chip with a bus interconnect with
the CPU.
• RAM. The term is based on the fact that any storage location can be accessed directly by the
processor.
• Dynamic RAM. DRAM is a type of semiconductor memory that is typically used by the data or program
code needed by a computer processor to function.
• Static RAM. SRAM retains data bits in its memory for as long as power is supplied to it. Unlike DRAM,
which stores bits in cells consisting of a capacitor and a transistor, SRAM does not have to be
periodically refreshed.
• Double Data Rate SDRAM. DDR SRAM is SDRAM that can theoretically improve memory clock speed
to at least 200 MHz.
• Double Data Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic RAM. DDR4 RAM is a type of DRAM that has a high-
bandwidth interface and is the successor to its previous DDR2 and DDR3 versions. DDR4 RAM allows
for lower voltage requirements and higher module density. It is coupled with higher data rate transfer
speeds and allows for dual in-line memory modules (DIMMS) up to 64 GB.
• Rambus Dynamic RAM. DRDRAM is a memory subsystem that promised to transfer up to 1.6 billion bytes
per second. The subsystem consists of RAM, the RAM controller, the bus that connects RAM to the
microprocessor and devices in the computer that use it.
• Read-only memory. ROM is a type of computer storage containing nonvolatile, permanent data that,
normally, can only be read and not written to. ROM contains the programming that enables a computer to
start up or regenerate each time it is turned on.
• Programmable ROM. PROM is ROM that can be modified once by a user. It enables a user to tailor a
microcode program using a special machine called a PROM programmer.
• Erasable PROM. EPROM is programmable read-only memory PROM that can be erased and re-used.
Erasure is caused by shining an intense ultraviolet light through a window designed into the memory chip.
• Electrically erasable PROM. EEPROM is a user-modifiable ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed
repeatedly through the application of higher than normal electrical voltage. Unlike EPROM chips,
EEPROMs do not need to be removed from the computer to be modified. However, an EEPROM chip must
be erased and reprogrammed in its entirety, not selectively.
• Virtual memory. A memory management technique where secondary memory can be used as if it were a
part of the main memory. Virtual memory uses hardware and software to enable a computer to compensate
for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from RAM to disk storage.
Features of memory

Location: It represents the internal or external location of the


memory in a computer.
Capacity: It is the most important feature of computer memory. ...
Access Methods: Memory can be accessed through four modes
of memory.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE TIME
REFFERENCE
[1] https://www.quora.com/What-is-data-and-what-is-information
[2]
http://www.vidyagyaan.com/computer-knowledge/what-is-computer-c
haracteristics-and-limitations-of-computer/attachment/characteristics-
or-features-of-computer/
[3] https://wrhuxf.kaakalak.info/article-7996.php
[4] https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-fundamentals-tutorial
[5] https://www.guru99.com/difference-information-data.html

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