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Sat Class - 26

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11 views15 pages

Sat Class - 26

Uploaded by

Devabn Nirmal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DR.

NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26

PROBABILITY
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
Certain Experiment :- When an experiment is conducted any number of times and the outcome will be
same every time and we can predict which outcome will occurs certainly before the experiment is conducted
is called a 'Certain Experiment'.
Ex:- Dropping a pen is a certain experiment.

RANDOM EXPERIMENT :- When an experiment is conducted more than once and we cannot predict
which outcome will occurs certainly before the experiment is conducted and it may or may not occurs every
time and each outcome prevents the occurrence of remaining outcomes is called a 'Random or Probabilistic
Experiment'.
Ex:- Tossing a coin, throwing a six faced dice,
picking a card from pack of cards are some random experiments.
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
SAMPLE SPACE:- The set of all outcomes of a random experiment is
called a 'Sample Space'.
Ex:- 1.The sample space of a random experiment of tossing a coin
is S={H,T}

NOTE

1.When we toss coins at a time or a coin times, then the total number of
outcomes of the sample space .
2.When we throw dice at a time or a dice times, then the total number of
outcomes of the sample space .
3. A leap year contains 366 days of which 52 complete weeks and 2 days,
hence the sample space is considered as .
4. A non leap year contains 365 days of which 52 complete weeks and 1 day,
hence the sample space is considered as .
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26

5. Total number of cards = 52. Of this two colors Red & Black.
i) Red cards = Black cards = 26.
ii) Red color cards divides in to two suits named as Hearts and
Diamonds & Black color cards divides in to two suits named as
Clubs and Spades. Number of cards in each suit = 13.
iii) Each suit divides in to number cards and honor cards.
iv) Number of Number cards in each suit = 9 (Numbered from 2 to
10)
v) Number of honor cards in each suit = 4. Honor cards again
divided into face cards and non face card. King, Queen and Jack
are face cards and Ace is a non face card.
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
EVENT :- Every sub set of sample space is called an event.
NOTE
1. When we toss coins at a time or a coin times the total
number of outcomes of sample space are .
Of these outcomes the number of outcomes having
(i) Exactly 'r' heads/tails is
(ii) At least 'r' heads/tails is .
(iii) At most 'r' heads/tails is
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
2. When we throw 2 dice the total number of outcomes of sample
space is 36. The minimum sum is 2 and maximum sum is 12. Of
these outcomes the number outcomes having sum
(i) where is .
(ii) where is .
Mutually exclusive or disjoint events :- Two or more events do not
have any common elements are called as 'Mutually Exclusive or
Disjoint Events’
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26

PROBABILITY :- The ratio of number of favorable


outcomes of an event to that of total
outcomes
of sample space is called the 'Probability' of
an
event and it is denoted as and .
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
Note
1. Probability of an event always lies between 0 and 1 inclusive.
i.e.,
2. Probability of a certain event is 1. i.e.,⇔ ‘A’ is certain event.
3. Probability of an impossible event is 0. i.e., ⇔ ‘A’ is impossible
event.
4. If is the event of occurrence then ‘is event of non occurrence
and.
DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26

5. Odds in favour of event E is .

6. Odds against of event E is .

7. and are independent events

8. and are disjoint or mutually exclusive events

9. and are any events

10.and are any events


DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
1) A district police department records driving violations by type and vehicle in
the table below. According to the record, which of the following is closest to the
proportion of stop sign violations committed by truck drivers?

A) 0.137 B) 0.315 C) 0.433 D) 0.567


DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
2) A car manufacturer produces cars in red, blue, black, white and silver. The
incomplete table below shows the percentage of cars it produces in each color. If
a car from the manufacturer is chosen at random, what is the probability that the
car’s color is red or silver?

A) 23% B) 33% C) 37% D)43%


DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
3) The table below shows the results of baseball team, categorized by whether
the team was considered the favorite (expected to win) in the game or the
underdog (expected to lose). What fraction of the games in which the team was
considered the underdog did the team win?

A) 2/5 B)2/7 C)2/9 D) 2/15


DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
4) The store manager summarizes the number of box spring and mattress units
sold over four weeks at bedding store in the incomplete table below. Week s 2
and 3 accounted for what fraction of all box spring units sold?

A) 2/15 B) 4/15 C) 2/5 D) 4/5


DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
5) All fish can be categorized as either cartilaginous or bony. The data in the table
below were produced by biologists studying the fish species in the Philippines and
New Caledonia. Assuming that each fish species has an equal chance of being
caught, the probability of catching a cartilaginous fish in the Philippines is how
much greater than the probability of catching one in New Caledonia.

A) 2/15 B) 1/4 C) 3/10 D)1/3


DR.NIRMAL’ S SAT CLASS - 26
6) The principal of a school is deciding whether to spend a budget surplus on
new gym equipment or computers. The incomplete table below summarizes the
preferences among junior and senior class students. If a senior from the school is
chosen at random, the probability that the student prefers gym equipment is 1/3.
How many seniors are at the school?

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