‫ِم‬‫ْي‬ ‫ِح‬ ‫َّر‬‫ال‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫ٰم‬ ‫ْح‬ ‫َّر‬‫ال‬ ‫ِه‬ ‫الل‬ ‫ِبْس ِم‬

CHAPTER 4
INPUT & OUTPUT

PRESENTED BY
ZILL-E-SUBHAN (45)
HASAN BILAL (25)
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 INPUT & OUTPUT

 STANDARD OUTPUT
 ESCAPE SEQUENCES
 C++ MANIPULATORS
 endl MANIPULATOR
 setw MANIPULATOR
 setprecision MANIPULATOR
 fixed MANIPULATOR

 STANDARD INPUT
 INPUT & OUTPUT

 The process of giving a command or set of

instructions to computer is INPUT , It is usually given
by keyboard.
 The process of getting required data or information
from computer is OUTPUT , It is usually displayed on
monitor screen.
 C++ uses streams to perform input & output
operations.
 IOSTREAM is used for declaration of all input & output
stream objects , It should must be included in
 STANDARD OUTPUT

 STANDARD OUTPUT refers to the output displayed on

monitor.

 C++ uses cout stream to display standard output ,

stands for

console output.

 cout uses insertion operator (<<) , and the message

 SYNTAX

 SYNTAX OF USING cout OBJECT IS AS FOLLOWS :-

 cout<<Variable/Constant/Expression ;

 cout name of object used to display standard

output.

 << Insertion operator , It sends output to cout

object
which sends output to screen. Right side of
operator
must be an expression or manipulator.

 Variable/Constant/Expression It is the variable ,

constant , expression
whose value is displayed on screen.
 EXAMPLE

 cout << “Pakistan Zindabad”;

 The above line will display Pakistan Zindabad on
screen.

 cout << 720;

 The above line will display 720 on screen.

 cout << a;
 The above line will display value of variable on
screen.

 cout << “The Value of N is : ”<<N;

 The above line will display The Value of N is on
screen along with value of variable N.
 ESCAPE SEQUENCES

 These are special characters used to perform various

tasks .

 They are not displayed in the output.

 They are used in combination with backlash ‘\’ ,

called escape character.

 Diff erent escape sequences are used in C language.

ESCAPE SEQUENCES & THEIR
PURPOSES
This character will pay beep

sound during execution. For

example :-

cout<<“Hello \a World ” ; will \a

display

Hello World

After displaying ‘ Hello

‘,computer will play beep and

This character is used to insert

backspace in output. For example :-

\b
cout<<“Hello \b World ” ; will display

Hell World

After displaying ‘ Hello ‘ , \b will

delete ‘o’ and then print ‘World’. So

‘Hell World’ will be displayed.

This character is used to insert new

line in the output. For example :-

cout<<“Hello \n World ” ; will display

Hello

 World

After displaying ‘ Hello ‘ , \n will

\n
move the cursor to next line and then

print ‘World’. So ‘Hello World’ will be

displayed as :-

Hello

World
This character is used to move
the cursor to the beginning of
line. For example :-
cout<<“Hello \r World ” ; will
display
World
\r
After displaying ‘ Hello ‘ , \r
will move cursor to beginning
of line and then print ‘World’
that overwrites ‘Hello’. So
‘World’ will be displayed.
This character is used to insert a TAB

in output. For example :-

\t
cout<<“Hello \t World ” ; will display

Hello World

After displaying ‘ Hello ‘ , \t will

inserts a TAB and then print ‘World’.

So ‘Hell World’ will be displayed.

 PROGRAMS FOR ESCAPE
SEQUENCES
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
 int a , b ;
 cout<<"Enter values of a & b : \n";
 cin>>a>>b;
 cout<<"The Value of a is "<<a<<"\
n"<<"&"<<"\n"<<"The Value of b is
"<<b<<endl;
}
 PROGRAMS FOR ESCAPE
SEQUENCES
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{

 cout<<"C++ \r Programming";
}
 PROGRAMS FOR ESCAPE
SEQUENCES
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{

 cout<<"INTRO TO \t COMPUTING";
}
 C++ MANIPULATORS

 C++ manipulators are special functions that control

formatting output operations.
 They are used to adjust the appearance of data.

 Common examples includes :-

 endl

 setw

 fi xed

 setprecision
The word ‘endl’ stands for
end of line. The endl
manipulator is used to
start new line. It works
similar to ‘\n’ escape
sequence character.
EXAMPLE :- en
 cout<<“Hello”<<end<<
“World”; dl
 Will print :-
 Hello
 World
 The word ‘setw’ stands for set width. The
setw manipulator is used to display value of
an expression in specifi ed columns.
 Value of expression can be string or number.

 If the value is less than specifi ed columns ,

additional columns will left blank from left
side.
 The output automatically uses required
set
columns if output is larger than specifi ed
columns.
w
 It is only applied to the values inserted
after it.
 The setw manipulator is part of iomanip.h
library fi le.
 SYNTAX

Syntax of setw is as follows :-

setw(n)

The ‘n’ indicates number of specifi ed

columns for value to be displayed.

 EXAMPLE

Suppose that value of a is 2 & of b is 47

, then:-

cout<<setw(5)<<a<<setw(5)<<b<<se
tw(15)<<“Programming” will display :-

 2 47 Programming
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
 int n = 3928; Progra
 double d = 91.5; m for
 char str[] = "OOP using C++"; setw

cout<<"("<<setw(5)<<n<<")"<<end
l;

cout<<"("<<setw(10)<<d<<")"<<en
dl;

cout<<"("<<setw(20)<<str<<")"<<e
ndl;

 It is used to set number of digits to be

displayed when outputting fl oating-

point numbers i.e 3.57 , 84.492 .

 It controls how many number should be

setprecisio
n
displayed.

 EXAMPLE :-

 int x = 36.48290;

 cout<<setprecision(4)<<36.48290;

will display :-

 36.48
 It is used to set number of digits to be

displayed when outputting fl oating-point

numbers i.e 3.57 , 84.492 .

 It controls how many number should be

fixe
displayed after decimal point.

 EXAMPLE :-

 int x = 36.48290; d


cout<<fi xed<<setprecision(4)<<36.48290;

will display :-

 4829
 #include <iostream>
 #include <iomanip>
 using namespace std;
 int main ()
{
 double r , n1 = 1320.36473 , n2 =
258.583;
 r = n1/n2;
Program
 cout<<r<<endl; for fi xed &

setprecisio
cout<<fi xed<<setprecision(5)<<r<<endl; n

cout<<fi xed<<setprecision(4)<<r<<endl;

cout<<fi xed<<setprecision(3)<<r<<endl;

cout<<fi xed<<setprecision(2)<<r<<endl;

cout<<fi xed<<setprecision(1)<<r<<endl;
}
 STANDARD INPUT

It is referred as input via keyboard.

C++ uses cin stream to get standard
input.
It stands for console input , which uses
extraction operator (>>) .
The operator must be followed by a
variable , which is used to store data.
 SYNTAX

 SYNTAX OF USING cin OBJECT IS AS FOLLOWS :-

 cin<<var ;

 cin name of object used to get standard input.

 >> Extraction operator , It gets input from cin

object. It then stores the input to variable. Its
left side must be of stream like cin. Its right side
must be of simple data type. .
 var It is the variable in which output is stored.
 EXAMPLE

cin>>x;
 The above line will get value from
keyboard & store it in variable x.

cin>>a>>b>>c;
 The above line will get three value
from keyboard & store it in variables a , b ,
c .
 ANY JAZAK
QUESTIONS ? ALLAH