(CHAPTER

(CHAPTER 1)
1)
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO TO
SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS AND
AND DESIGN
DESIGN

 Information Technology

 Business Information Systems

 Structured Analysis and Object-oriented

 Development tools and techniques

 Systems development life cycle

 Role of the IT department

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-1
 Why every employees in company need information?

Information technology (IT) is a combination of

hardware, software, and telecommunications systems that
support business operations, improve productivity, and
help managers make decisions.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-2

 What is an Information System?

A system is a set of related components that produces

specific results.

An information system (IS) is a collection of

components that work together to provide information to
help in the operations and management of an
organization.

A computer information system (CIS) is an information

system used with computers.

A systems analyst investigates, analyses, designs,

develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company's
information systems.
Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-3
 Information System Functions

Functions of information system are: input, storage,

processing, and output function.

Input function accepts data from outside the system.

Storage function stores data in the system until needed.

Processing function manipulates data in the system.

Output function produces information resulting from

processing.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-4

 Information System Components

An information system has five key components:

hardware, software, data, processes, and people.

Hardware
Hardware are the computers, communications equipment,
and other devices used in the system.

Software
Software are the instructions that tell the hardware in the
system what to do. Software consists of system software
and application software.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-5

 Data
Data are the data stored in the system. An information
system transforms data into useful information.

People
Users, sometimes called end users, include employees,
customers, vendors, and others who interact with or use
an information system.

Processes
Processes are instructions that tell the people what to do.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-6

 Category of Companies

There are three category of companies: production-

oriented, service-oriented, and internet-dependent.

Production-oriented company
primarily manufactures and sells products.

Service-oriented company
primarily offers information or services, or sell goods
produced by others.

Internet-dependent firm
does it business on a web site.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-7

 Business Process Modelling

A business model graphically represents business

functions that consist of business processes, such as sales,
accounting, and purchasing, which perform specific tasks.

Characteristics of Information Systems

1. Does this system interact with other systems?

2. What are the system’s boundaries?

3. Will the system handle specialized business needs?

4. What size are the company, and what growth is forecast?

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-8
 Types of Business Information System

 Transaction Processing Systems

Transaction processing systems (TPS) automate the
handling of data about business activities or transactions.
TPS process data generated by day-to-day business
operations.

 Office Automation Systems

Office automation systems (OAS) provide employees at
all organizational levels with a wide array of tools that can
improve quality and job performance.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-9

  Management Information Systems
Management information systems (MIS) supports
management decision making by providing information
in the form of reports and responses to queries to
managers at different levels of an organization.

 Decision Support Systems

Decision support systems (DSS) are designed to help
middle and top managers make decisions by analyzing
data from a database and providing the results of the
analysis to the managers.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-10

  Expert Systems
Expert system (ES) attempts to make decisions or solves
problems in a particular field, such as finance or
medicine, by using knowledge and analytical rules
defined by experts in the field.

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-11

 Top Management
Top managers develop long-range plans that define the
company’s overall mission and goals. Focuses on issues
that affect the company’s future survival and growth,
including long-term IT plans. Use information systems to
set the company’s course and direction.

Middle Management
Middle managers focus their goals on a shorter time
frame. Develop plans to achieve business objectives,
delegate authority and responsibility to team leaders or
supervisors and provide direction, necessary resources,
and feedback on performance as tasks are completed.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-12

 Lower Management
Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day
operational plans. Coordinate operational tasks, make
necessary decisions, and ensure that the right tools,
materials, and training are available.

Operational Employees
Primarily use TP systems to enter and receive data.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-13

 Systems Development Techniques and Tools

Modeling
Modeling produces a graphical representation of a concept
or process that systems developers can analyse, test, and
modify. A systems analyst can describe and simplify an
information system by using a set of business, data, object,
network, and process models.

Prototyping
Prototyping involves the creation of an early working
version of the information system or its components.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-14

 Computer-Aided Systems Engineering
Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) is a
technique that uses powerful programs, called CASE tools,
to help systems analysts develop and maintain information
system.

Joint Application Development and Rapid Application

Development
Both approaches use teams composed of users, managers,
and IT staff to complete projects. JAD involves team-based
fact-finding techniques, while RAD is a team-based
technique that speeds up information systems development
and produces a functioning information system.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-15

 Systems Development Methodologies
Structured Analysis
Structured analysis uses a series of phases, called the
systems development life cycle (SDLC) to plan, analyze,
design, implement, and support an information system.

Object-Oriented Analysis
Object-oriented (0-0) analysis combines data and the
processes that act on the data into things called objects.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-16

 Systems Development Life Cycle

Structured analysis uses a technique called the systems

development life cycle (SDLC) to plan and manage the
systems development process.

The SDLC Model includes the following steps:

1. Systems planning
2. Systems analysis
3. Systems design
4. Systems implementation
5. Systems operation and support

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-17

  Systems Planning
System planning usually begins with a formal request to IT
department, called system request. Purpose of this phase is
to identify clearly the nature and scope of the business
opportunity or problem by performing a preliminary
investigation. End product of this phase is a report that
describes business considerations, reviews anticipated
benefits and costs, and recommends a course of action
based on economic, technical, and operational factors.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-18

  Systems Analysis
Purpose of this phase is to understand business requirements
and build a logical model of the new system. End product is
system requirement documentation describes user and
management requirements, alternative plan and costs, and
your recommendation.

 Systems Design
Purpose of this phase is to create a blueprint for the new
system that will satisfy all documented requirements,
whether the system is being developed in-house or purchased
as a package. End product is a system design specification
and present it to management.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-19

  Systems Implementation
During systems implementation, the new system is
constructed (programs are written, tested, and
documented, and the system is installed). Purpose is to
deliver a completely functioning and documented
information system.

 Systems Operation and Support

During systems operation and support, IT staff maintains
and enhances the system. Maintenance correct errors and
adapt to change in environment. Enhancement provides
new features and benefits. Objective of this phase is to
maximize return on the IT investment.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-20

 Information Technology Department

The information technology (IT) department develops and

maintains a company’s information systems.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-21

 Application Development
composed of systems analysts and programmers who
handled information system design, development, and
implementation.

Systems Support
provides hardware and software support transaction
processing systems, networks, and also provide technical
support to other groups.

User Support
provides users with information, training, and productivity
support.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-22

 Database Administration
involves database design, management, security, backup,
and user access.

Network Administration
includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and
security. In addition to controlling user access, network
administrators install, configure, manage, and maintain
network application.

Web Support
involves design and construction of Web pages, monitoring
traffic, managing hardware and software, and linking
Web-based applications to the company’s existing
information system.

Systems Analysis and Design Slide 1-23