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Lecture-5 Viral Diseases and Laboratory Practices

The document discusses the rationale for biological laboratories in isolating and propagating infectious agents for clinical and research purposes, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis for patient prognosis. It outlines traditional and modern approaches to viral diagnosis, including specimen collection techniques and identification methods such as antibody testing and nucleic acid amplification. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of surveillance in understanding viral infections and the need for rapid diagnostic tests.

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Anaya Malik
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10 views15 pages

Lecture-5 Viral Diseases and Laboratory Practices

The document discusses the rationale for biological laboratories in isolating and propagating infectious agents for clinical and research purposes, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis for patient prognosis. It outlines traditional and modern approaches to viral diagnosis, including specimen collection techniques and identification methods such as antibody testing and nucleic acid amplification. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of surveillance in understanding viral infections and the need for rapid diagnostic tests.

Uploaded by

Anaya Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VIRAL DISEASES AND

LABORATORY PRACTICES

Lecture by Fahed Parvaiz, Ph.D


RATIONALE USE OF
BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
• Laboratory refers to a sterilized environment
whereby infectious agents are isolated and
propagated for clinical and research purpose.

• Most of the diseases can be identified through


characteristic features.

• virology based laboratory?


CONTD…

1. Development of new antivirals.

2. Prognosis of the patients is dependant on


eagerness for diagnosis.

Abortion is recommended if get infected with


rubella virus in first trimester of pregnancy (leads to
sever diseases such as autism, severe disability, etc).

3. Blood donors are regularly screened for HIV, HBV


and HCV.

4. Investigating viral infections for clinical or


research purpose.
5. Surveillance of viral infections may determine

their significance, natural history and prevalence in

a community with a view to establish priorities and

means of control, monitoring and evaluating

immunization programs like WHO and UN.


• Traditional approaches to viral diagnosis involves:
• Isolation of virus in cultured cells.

• Detection and measurement of antibody in patients'


serum.
• Time consuming.

• Modern virology hunts for rapid and more specific


diagnostic tests.
Collection,
Packaging and
Transport of
specimens
• Chance of isolating a virus depends upon attention
given by the physician.
• Specimen----right time, right place.

• Site from which specimen is collected will be


influenced by clinical symptoms and signs together
with a knowledge of pathogenesis.

• Some viruses can be isolated by a swab over eye,


genital tract, skin and oral cavity.
• Some viruses can only be harvested through blood.
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may yield viruses in case
of meningitis.
• Biopsy may also be employed.
IDENTIFICATION
TECHNIQUES
• Antibody based testing

• Culture

• Nucleic acid amplification techniques


NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION
TECHNIQUES

• Animations
DETECTION OF
CONVENTIONAL PCR
PRODUCT
• The PCR product of any specific reaction has a known
size, and can therefore be detected on an agarose
gel, usually by staining with ethidium bromide (or
other, potentially safer, fluorescent stains such as
SYBR Green) in comparison with a molecular weight
ladder
Western Blot

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkH8u84t84M

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