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Memory Organisation in Computer Architecture

The document discusses memory organization in computer architecture, outlining how memory is structured, allocated, and accessed. It describes the memory hierarchy, including registers, cache, main memory, and secondary storage, as well as the types of memory such as volatile and non-volatile. Additionally, it covers memory addressing, the role of the Memory Management Unit (MMU), and various memory access methods including sequential, random, indexed, and associative access.

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13 views9 pages

Memory Organisation in Computer Architecture

The document discusses memory organization in computer architecture, outlining how memory is structured, allocated, and accessed. It describes the memory hierarchy, including registers, cache, main memory, and secondary storage, as well as the types of memory such as volatile and non-volatile. Additionally, it covers memory addressing, the role of the Memory Management Unit (MMU), and various memory access methods including sequential, random, indexed, and associative access.

Uploaded by

shivamrajput7146
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEMORY ORGANISATION IN

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

Presented by:- Shivam Singh


B.Tech(3rd sem)
INTRODUCTION

Memory organization refers to the way in which a computer system or program manages
and structures its memory resources. It defines how memory is allocated, accessed, and
optimized for storing and retrieving data.
Diagram of Memory
Hierarchy
Memory Hierarchy
Memory Hierarchy Overview:
A layered structure that organizes memory from fastest and smallest to
slowest and largest.
Hierarchy Levels:
•Registers: Fastest, small storage locations inside the CPU.
•Cache: L1, L2, and L3 cache levels.

•Main Memory (RAM): Larger, slower than cache.

•Secondary Storage: Hard drives, SSDs, large capacity but slowest.


Types of Memory
Primary Memory (Volatile)

RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage for data


and instructions that are actively used by the CPU.
Cache Memory: A smaller, faster memory that stores frequently
accessed data.

Secondary Memory (Non-volatile)

Hard Drive / SSD: Permanent storage for operating systems,


software, and files.
Memory Addressing

Logical vs. Physical Addressing:


Physical Addressing: The actual location in memory.

Logical Addressing: The address seen by the CPU or program.

Memory Management Unit (MMU): Responsible for translating logical addresses to physical addresses.
Memory Access Methods

There are several different memory access methods

•Sequential Access
•Random (Direct) Access
•Indexed Access
•Associative (Content Addressable) Access
Sequential Access:- Reading or writing data in a linear, ordered sequence is known as sequential memory access .
Random (Direct) Access:- Random access, also known as direct access, is the ability to access data at random, or in any order, rather than sequentially
Indexed Access:- Indexed access is a technique for accessing computer data files using keys to retrieve records sequentially or randomly.
Associative (Content Addressable) Access:-Associative access, also known as content-addressable (CAM) access, is a method of accessing data in a computer
system by using the contents of the data rather than its physical location:

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