OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING
ARRAY
S
OUTLINE

◾ Arrays

◾ One-Dimensional Arrays

◾ Multidimensional Arrays

◾ Alternative Array Declaration

Syntax
◾ Finding Length of an Array
ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
◾ Obtaining an array in Java is a two-step process:

1. D eclare a variable of the desired array type.

2. Allocate the memory to array using new.
◾ Step 1:
◾ DataType var-name[];
◾ At this point, the value of array is set to null, which represents an
array with no value.
◾ Step 2
◾ array-variable= new DataType[size];
◾We must specify the type and number of elements to allocate.
◾The elements in the array allocated by new will automatically be
initialized to zero
 EXAMPLE: ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
class Array {
public static void main(String
month_days[5] = 30;
args[]) month_days[6] = 31;
{
month_days[7] = 31;
int month_days[];
month_days = new month_days[8] = 30;
int[12]; month_days[9] = 31;
month_days[0] = 31; month_days[10] = 30;
month_days[1] = 28; month_days[11] = 31;
month_days[2] = 31;
System.out.println("April has " + month_days[3]
month_days[3] = 30; + " days.");
month_days[4] = 31;
}}
 ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

◾ It is possible to combine the declaration of the array variable with

the allocation
of the array itself

◾ int month_days[] = new int[12];

◾ Arrays may be initialized when they are declared using an array

initializer list

◾ int month_days[] = { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
 INPUT IN A N ARRAY FRO M KEYBOARD
◾ Java does not provide any direct way to take array input.
◾ But we can take array input by using the method of the
Scanner class.
import java.util.Scanner; //creates an array in the memory
public class ArrayInputExample1 of length 10
{ int[] array = new int[n];
public static void main(String[] args) System.out.println("Enter elements of
{ the arra y: ");
int n; for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); //reading array elements
System.out.print("Enter the number from the user
of elements y ou want to store: "); array[i]=sc.nextInt();
//reading the number of elements }
from the that we want to enter System.out.println("Array
n=sc.nextInt(); elements are: ");
// accessing array elements using
the for loop for (int i=0; i<n; i+
+)
{
MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

◾ Multidimensional arrays are actually arrays of arrays

◾ Example:

◾ int twoD[][] = new int[4][5];

◾ This allocates a 4 by 5 array and assigns it to twoD. Internally

this matrix is implemented as an array of arrays of int.

A C O N CEPTUAL VIEW OF A 4 BY 5, 2D ARRAY
Right index determines column

[0] [0] [0] [1] [0] [2] [0] [3] [0] [4]

Left index
[1] [0] [1] [1] [1] [2] [1] [3] [1] [4]
determines row

[2] [0] [2] [1] [2] [2] [2] [3] [2] [4]

[3] [0] [3] [1] [3] [2] [3] [3] [3] [4]

int twoD[][] = new int[4][5];

 EXAMPLE: MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
// Demonstrate a two-dimensional array.
class TwoDArray {
public static void main(String
args[]) { int twoD[][]= new
int[4][5];
int i, j, k = 0; Output
for(i=0; i<4; i+ 01234
+) for(j=0;
j<5; j++) { 56789
twoD[i][j] = 10 11 12 13 14
k; k++;
} 15 16 17 18 19
for(i=0; i<4; i+
+) {
for(j=0; j<5; j++)
System.out.print(twoD[i][j] + "
"); System.out.println();
 INPUT IN A 2D ARRAY FRO M
KEYBOARD
import java.util.Scanner; // Read the matrix values
public class ArrayInputExample2 System.out.println("Enter elements of the
{ array: ");
public static void main(String args[]) //loop for row
{ for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
int m, n, i, j; //inner loop for column
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
System.out.print("Enter number of array[i][j] =
rows: " ); sc.nextInt();

//taking row //accessing array elements

m = System.out.println("Elements of array
sc.nextInt(); are: "); for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
System.out.pri for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
nt("Enter //prints the array elements
number of System.out.print(array[i][j] +
columns: "); " ");
//throws cursor to the next
//taking column line
n = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println();
2D ARRAYS

◾ When we allocate memory for a multidimensional array, we need only to

specify the memory for the first (leftmost) dimension.
◾ W e can allocate the remaining dimensions separately.
int twoD[][] = new int[4]
[ ]; twoD[0] = new
int[5]; twoD[1] = new
int[5]; twoD[2] = new
int[3]; twoD[3] = new
int[5];
2D ARRAYS

◾ When we allocate dimensions manually, we don’t need to allocate the

same number of elements for each column.
◾ Since multidimensional arrays are actually arrays of arrays, the length of
each array is under our control.
◾ We can create a two-dimensional array in which the sizes of the
second dimension are unequal.
 EXAMPLE:2D ARRAYS
/ Manually allocate differing size for(i=0; i<4; i++)
second
for(j=0; j<i+1;
dimensions.
j++) { twoD[i]
class TwoDAgain {
[j] = k; k++;
public static void main(String }
args[]) { int twoD[][] = new for(i=0; i<4; i+
int[4][]; twoD[0] = new +) { for(j=0;
j<i+1; j++)
int[1];
System.out.print(twoD[i][j]
twoD[1] = new int[2];
+ " "); System.out.println();
twoD[2] = new int[3]; }
twoD[3] = new int[4]; }
2D ARRAYS

◾ It is possible to initialize multidimensional arrays when we

create them

◾ Example
double m[][] = {

{ 0*0, 1*0, 2*0,

3*0 },
We can use
{ 0*1, 1*1, 2*1, expressions as well
3*1 }, as literals inside array
initializers
{ 0*2, 1*2, 2*2,
3*2 },
}
; { 0*3, 1*3, 2*3,
3*3 }
3 DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS CONCEPTUAL VIEW
EXAMPLE: 3D
ARRAYS
/ Demonstrate a three-dimensional
for(i=0; i<3; i++) {
array.
for(j=0; j<4; j+
class threeDMatrix {
+) { for(k=0;
public static void main(String args[]) Output
k<5; k++)
00 00
{ System.out.print(th 0
00 00
int threeD[][][] = new int[3][4][5]; reeD[i][j][k] + " 0
"); 00 00
0
int i, j, k; System.out.printl
00
00
00
00
0
0
for(i=0; i<3; i++) n(); 01 23
4
for(j=0; j<4; j++) } 02 4 6
80
0 0 00
System.out.println( 032 6
4 9
68
for(k=0; k<5; k++) ); 124
0 8 12
16
threeD [i][j][k]=i*j*k; 06 12 18
ALTERNATIVE ARRAY DECLARATION SYNTA X

◾ There is a second form that may be used to declare an array:

◾ type[] var-name;

◾ The square brackets follow the type specifier, and not the name
of the array variable.
◾ The following two declarations are equivalent:
◾ int a1[] = new int[3];
◾ int[] a1 = new int[3];
FINDING LENGTH OF A N ARRAY
/ This program demonstrates the length array
member. class Length {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a1[] = new int[10];
int a2[] = {3, 5, 7, 1, 8, 99, 44, -10};
int a3[] = {4, 3, 2, 1};

System.out.println("length of a1 is " +
a1.length); System.out.println("length of
a2 is " + a2.length); Output
}System.out.println("length of a3 is " + length of a1 is 10
length of a2 is 8
} a3.length); length of a3 is 4
PROGRAMMING EXERCISES

◾ Matrix Manipulation
◾ Addition of two matrices

◾ Subtraction of two matrices

◾ Multiplication of two matrices

(Hard)

◾ Displaying 2D Arrays

◾ Column First order

◾ Row first order