Network Analysis and

Synthesis
Chapter 5
Two-Port Networks
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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 Two Port Networks
Chapter 5

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Impedance parameters z
5.3 Admittance parameters y
5.4 Hybrid parameters h
5.5 Transmission parameters T
5.6 Interconnection of Two port n/w

5.7 Conversion between two-port parameters

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 5.1 Introduction (1)

What is a port?

It is a pair of terminals through

which a current may enter or
leave a network.

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5.1 Introduction (2)
One port or two
terminal circuit

Two port or four

terminal circuit

• It is an electrical
network with two
separate ports for
input and output.

• No independent
sources.
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 5.1 Introduction (3)
• A Typical one port or two terminal network is
shown below. For example resistor, capacitor and
inductor are one port network

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 5.1 Introduction (4)
• A Typical two port or four terminal network is
shown below. Ex: Transistor

• There are four variables V1 , V2 , I 1 and I 2

associated with a two-port network.

• Two of these variables can be expressed in terms

of the other two variables. Thus, there will be two
dependent variables and two independent
variables.
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5.1 Introduction (5)

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5.2 Impedance parameters (1)

Assume no independent source in the network

V1 z11 I1  z12 I 2  V1   z11 z12   I1   I1 

V2 z 21I1  z 22 I 2  V   z z   I   z  I 
 2   21 22   2   2

where the z terms are called the impedance parameters,

or simply z parameters, and have units of ohms.
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5.2 Impedance parameters (2)
V1 V2
z11  and z 21 
I1 I 2 0
I1 I 2 0

z11 = Open-circuit input

impedance
z21 = Open-circuit transfer
impedance from port 1 to
port 2

V1 V2
z12  and z 22 
I2 I1 0
I2 I1 0

z12 = Open-circuit transfer

impedance from port 2 to
port 1
z22 = Open-circuit output
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impedance
5.2 Impedance parameters (2a)
V V2
z11  1 and z 21 
I1 I 2 0
I1 I 2 0

V1 V2
z12  and z 22 
I2 I1 0
I2 I1 0

•When z11 = z22, the two-port

network is said to be symmetrical.
•When the two-port network is
linear and has no dependent
sources, the transfer impedances
are equal (z12 = z21), and the two-port
is said to be reciprocal.
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 5.2 Impedance parameters (3)
Example 1

Determine the Z-parameters of the following circuit.

I1 I2
V1 V2
z11  and z 21 
I1 I 2 0
I1 I 2 0

V1 V2
V1 V2
z12  and z 22 
I2 I1 0
I2 I1 0

 60 40  z11 z12 

Answer: z   z   
  z 21 z 22 
 40 70 11
 5.3 Admittance parameters (1)

Assume no independent source in the network

I1 y11V1  y12 V2  I1   y11 y12   V1   V1 

I 2 y 21V1  y 22 V2  I   y y   V  y  V 
 2   21 22   2   2

where the y terms are called the admittance parameters,

or simply y parameters, and they have units of Siemens.
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5.3 Admittance parameters (2)
I1 I2
y11  and y 21 
V1 V2 0
V1 V2 0

y11 = Short-circuit input

admittance
y21 = Short-circuit transfer
admittance from port 1 to
port 2
I1 I2
y12  and y 22 
V2 V1 0
V2 V1 0

y12 = Short-circuit transfer

admittance from port 2 to
port 1
y22 = Short-circuit output
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admittance
 5.3 Admittance parameters (3)
Example 2

Determine the y-parameters of the following circuit.

I1 I2
I1 I2
y11  and y 21 
V1 V2 0
V1 V2 0

V1 V2
I1 I2
y12  and y 22 
V2 V1 0
V2 V1 0

Answer: y 
0.75  0.5   y11 y12 
  S y   S
  0.5 0.625  y 21 y 22  14
 5.3 Admittance parameters (4)
Example 3

Determine the y-parameters of the following circuit.

I1 y11V1  y12 V2
I 2 y 21V1  y 22 V2
I1=i I2 Apply KVL
V1 8I1  2(I1  I 2 )
V1 V2
V2 4(2i  I 2 )  2(I1  I 2 )

 0.15  0.05 I1 0.15V1  0.05V2

Answer: y    0.25 0.25  S
  I 2  0.25V1  0.25V2 15
 5.4 Hybrid parameters (1)

Assume no independent source in the network

V1 h11 I1  h12 V2  V1   h11 h12   I1   I1 

 I   h h 22   V  h   V 
I 2 h 21I1  h 22 V2  2   21  2  2

where the h terms are called the hybrid parameters, or simply h

parameters, and each parameter has different units, refer above.
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 5.4 Hybrid parameters (2)

Assume no independent source in the network

V h11= short-circuit V1 H12 = open-circuit

h11  1 h12 
I1 V2 0
input impedance () V2 I1 0
reverse voltage-gain

I H2 = short-circuit
I2 H22 = open-circuit
h 21  2 h 22 
I1 forward current gain V2 I1 0 output admittance (S)
V2 0

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 5.4 Hybrid parameters (3)
Example 4

Determine the h-parameters of the following circuit.

I1 I2
V1 I2
h11  and h 21 
I1 V2 0
I1 V2 0

V1 V2
V1 I2
h12  and h 22 
V2 I1 0
V2 I1 0

 4Ω  23   h11Ω h12 
Answer: h  h  
 2 1  h
 21 h S
22 
 3 9 S 18
5.5 Transmission parameters (1)

Assume no
independent source
in the network

V1 AV 2  BI 2  V1   A B   V2   V2 
I1 CV2  DI 2  I   C D   I  T    I 
 1    2  2
where the T terms are called the transmission parameters, or
simply T or ABCD parameters, and each parameter has
different units. 19
19.5 Transmission parameters (2)

V A=open-circuit V1 B= negative short-

A 1 voltage ratio B  circuit transfer
V2 I 2 0
I2 V2 0 impedance ()

I C= open-circuit I1
C 1 transfer admittance D  D=negative short-
V2 I2 circuit current ratio
I 2 0 (S) V2 0

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5.5 Transmission parameters (3)
Example 5

Determine the T-parameters of the following circuit.

V1 AV 2  BI 2
I1 CV2  DI 2
Apply KVL
V1 V2
V1 10I1  20(I1  I 2 )
V2  3I1  20(I1  I 2 )

 1.765 15.294Ω  30 260

T 
Answer:  0.059S 1.176 
 V1  V2 
17 17
I2

1 20
I1  V2  I2 21
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5.5 Transmission parameters (4)
Example 6

The ABCD parameters of the two-port network below are

 4 20Ω 
T= 
 0.1S 2 
I1 I2
The output port is connected to
a variable load for maximum
power transfer. Find RL and the V1 V2
maximum power transferred.

Answer: VTH = 10V V; RL = 8; Pm = 3.125W.

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5.6 Interconnection of two-port Networks(1)

Series Connection: Figure below shows two-port

networks connected in series.

•In a series connection, both the networks carry the

same input current. Their output currents are also
equal.

•The resultant Z-parameter matrix for the series-

connected networks is the sum of Z matrices of each
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individual two-port network
5.6 Interconnection of two-port Networks(2)

Parallel Connection: Figure below shows two-port

networks connected in parallel.

•In the parallel connection, the two networks have the

same input voltages and the same output voltages.

•The resultant Y-parameter matrix for parallel

connected networks is the sum of Y matrices of each
individual two-port networks.
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5.6 Interconnection of two-port Networks(3)
Cascade Connection: Figure below shows two-port
networks connected in cascade.

•In the cascade connection, the output port of the

first network becomes the input port of the second
network.

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5.7 Conversion between two-port parameters

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 Chapter 5
Two-Port Networks

Tutorial Class

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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