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4.decoder and Encoder

The document discusses decoders and encoders, focusing on their definitions, applications, and specific examples like the 3-to-8 line decoder and priority encoders. Decoders convert binary information from n input lines to unique output lines and are used in applications such as address decoding in computer memory and instruction decoding in CPUs. Encoders, on the other hand, produce an N-bit output code based on the activated input, with priority encoders allowing for precedence among multiple active inputs.

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11 views18 pages

4.decoder and Encoder

The document discusses decoders and encoders, focusing on their definitions, applications, and specific examples like the 3-to-8 line decoder and priority encoders. Decoders convert binary information from n input lines to unique output lines and are used in applications such as address decoding in computer memory and instruction decoding in CPUs. Encoders, on the other hand, produce an N-bit output code based on the activated input, with priority encoders allowing for precedence among multiple active inputs.

Uploaded by

Nevil Desai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Decoder and Encoder

Decoders
 Digital information represented in some binary form must be
converted into some alternate binary form.

 𝑛 to 2^𝑛-line decoder.

 Only one of the 2^𝑛 output lines responds, with a logic-1, to a given
input combination of values on its 𝑛-input lines.
Decoders
 Definition:
A decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary
information from n input lines to a maximum of unique output
lines.

 If n-bit decoded information has unused or don’t-care combinations,


the decoder output will have less than outputs.

 The decoders presented here are called n-to-m line decoders


where 𝑚≤. Their purpose is to generate the (or less) minterms of n
input variables.
Decoders
Application:
 Decoders are greatly used in applications where the particular output or
group of outputs to be activated only on the occurrence of a specific
combination of input levels. Some important application of decoder
circuit is given below.
 Address Decoders: Amongst its many uses, a decoder is widely used to
decode the particular memory location in the computer memory system.
Decoders accept the address code generated by the CPU which is a
combination of address bits for a specific location in the memory.
Decoders
 Instruction Decoder: Another application of the decoder can be found in
the control unit of the central processing unit. This decoder is used to
decode the program instructions in order to activate the specific control
lines such that different operations in the ALU of the CPU are carried out.
Decoders
3 X 8 Decoder:

 The three inputs are decoded into eight outputs, each output representing
one of the minterms of the 3-input variables.

 A particular application of this decoder would be a binary-to-octal


conversion. The input variable may represent a binary number and the
outputs will then represent the eight digits in the octal number system
Decoders

3 to 8 LINE DECODER
Decoders
Truth Table of 3 X 8 line decoder:
 From the truth table it is observed that the output variables are mutually exclusive
because only one output can be equal to 1 at any one time. The output line whose
value is equal to 1 represents the minterm equivalent of the binary number presently
available in the input lines.
Encoders
 An encoder has a number of input lines, only one of which input is
activated at a given time and produces an N-bit output code,
depending on which input is activated.
Encoders
Encoder 8 x 3
X = D4 + D5 + D6 + D7
Y = D2 +D3 + D6 + D7
Z = D1 + D3 + D5 + D7
Encoders

General diagram of encoder


Encoders
 A priority encoder is an encoder that includes the priority function

 If two or more inputs are equal to 1 at the same time, the input having
the highest priority will take precedence.
2-4 decoder with enable
3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder
4 to 16 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder
Decoders
 Combinational Logic Implementation
 Decoder provides minterms of n input variables.
 Since any Boolean function can be expressed in sum of minterms
canonical form, one can use a decoder to generate the minterms and
an external OR gate to form the sum.
Decoders
 Example: Minterms using OR
Gates
f1(x, y, z) = ∑ (1, 2, 4, 5)
f2(x, y, z) = ∑ (1,5,7)
Decoders
 Example: Implement a full adder circuit with a decoder and two OR gates.
S(x, y, z) = ∑ (1, 2, 4, 7)
C(x, y, z) = ∑ (3, 5, 6, 7)

Full adder with decoder

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